Bones

Question 1

all bone starts out as what before converting to hard bone

Answer 1

fibrous connective tissue

Question 2

layer of tissue covering the superficial part of the cartilage

Answer 2

perichondrium

Question 3

what is pericondrium made of

Answer 3

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 4

where does blood go thru in cartilage

Answer 4

perichondrium

Question 5

are there nerve in cartilage

Answer 5

no

Question 6

most abundant cartilage

Answer 6

hyaline

Question 7

what is the cartilage on the ends of bone made of

Answer 7

hyaline

Question 8

menisci in the knee and the vertebrae are made of this type of cartilage

Answer 8

fibrocartilage

Question 9

growth from the perichondrium

Answer 9

appositional growth

Question 10

chondrocytes themselves are producing new tissue

Answer 10

interstitial growth

Question 11

skull and vertebrae

Answer 11

axial skeleton

Question 12

protective supportive structure

Answer 12

axial skeleton

Question 13

locomotion and movement

Answer 13

appendicular skeleton

Question 14

all limb bone are long bones except….

Answer 14

wrist, ankle, or kneecap

Question 15

what is yellow bone marrow made of

Answer 15

adipose tissue

Question 16

what is stored in the center of the diaphysis

Answer 16

fat

Question 17

where does growth of bones occur

Answer 17

epiphyseal line

Question 18

membrane that surrounds the cartilage

Answer 18

perichondrium

Question 19

what is the periosteum made of

Answer 19

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 20

outer layer of periosteum is what

Answer 20

protective

Question 21

inner layer of periosteum is what

Answer 21

osteogenic…producing bone

Question 22

what can the endosteum do

Answer 22

produce bone

Question 23

arranged in a haversian system

Answer 23

compact bone

Question 24

made up of trabeculae

Answer 24

spongy bone

Question 25

contains red marrow

Answer 25

cavity of spongy bone

Question 26

where does blood cell production occur in spongy bone

Answer 26

red bone marrow

Question 27

bones that form within a tendon

Answer 27

sesamoid bone

Question 28

the sternum, scapula, and skull are this type of bone

Answer 28

flat bone

Question 29

how do bones function in support

Answer 29

supporting internal organs

Question 30

how do bones function in protection

Answer 30

skull protecting our brain. vertebrae protecting the spinal cord

Question 31

how do bones provide movement

Answer 31

skeletal muscles attaching to bone

Question 32

how do bones function in mineral storage

Answer 32

Ca and P stored in bone

Question 33

how do bones function in hematopoeis

Answer 33

production of blood cells

Question 34

allows blood vessels and nerves to move thru

Answer 34

haversion canasl

Question 35

connect the blood supply of the medullary cavity to the haverisan canals

Answer 35

Volkmann's canals

Question 36

where are osteocytes located in bone

Answer 36

lacunae

Question 37

organic components of bone

Answer 37

cells and osteoid (matrix)

Question 38

inorganic components of bone

Answer 38

hydroxyapatites

Question 39

what are hydroxyapatites

Answer 39

mineral salt that make up most of bone

Question 40

what is in the osteoid

Answer 40

proteoglycan, collagen, and glycoproteins

Question 41

where does intramembranous ossification occur

Answer 41

within membrane of dense irregular connective tissue

Question 42

where does endochondral ossification occur

Answer 42

within hyaline cartilage

Question 43

which ossification process in anerobic

Answer 43

endochondral

Question 44

in the growth of width, where are the osteoblasts located.

Answer 44

the periosteum

Question 45

in the growth of width where are the osteoclasts located that enlarge the marrow cavity

Answer 45

endosteum

Question 46

matrix without minerals

Answer 46

osteoid seam

Question 47

what activates osteoclasts in bone resorption

Answer 47

t lymphocytes (secrete enzymes that digest matrix)

Question 48

3 factors controlling bone growth

Answer 48

diet, vitamins, and hormones

Question 49

what do you need in your diet for bone growth to occur

Answer 49

p and ca

Question 50

when blood ca levels are low, what is released?

Answer 50

PTH

Question 51

when blood ca levels are high what is released

Answer 51

calcitonin

Question 52

fracture that does not go all the way thru

Answer 52

partial

Question 53

fracture that is broken into two separate pieces

Answer 53

complete

Question 54

fracture where the break is in the bone but hasn't been exposed to the skin

Answer 54

simple (closed)

Question 55

fracture that goes thru the skin

Answer 55

compound (open)

Question 56

fracture that is out of line

Answer 56

displaced

Question 57

fracture where the bone get splintered at the site of the break

Answer 57

comminuted

Question 58

fracture where the bone is twisted

Answer 58

sprial

Question 59

fracture common in children

Answer 59

greenstick

Question 60

fracture where there is bending on one side and the other side is broken

Answer 60

greenstick

Question 61

fracture where one part of the bone is driven into the other part

Answer 61

impacted

Question 62

soft callus

Answer 62

fibrocarilagenous

Question 63

what first happens in fracture repair

Answer 63

a fracture hematoma forms

Question 64

in fracture repair, how are the capillaries reestablished

Answer 64

thru a fibrocartlagenous callus

Question 65

calcification that occurs in the granulation tissue

Answer 65

bony callus

Question 66

2 effects of aging on bones

Answer 66

decr in protein formation and loss of calcium

Question 67

how does a decr in protein as we age affect bones

Answer 67

bones become more brittle and are more likely to break bc the osteoid has less protein in it

Question 68

how does a loss of ca as we age effect bone

Answer 68

bones become porous and

Question 69

children not having enough vit d

Answer 69

rickets

Question 70

adults not having enough vit d

Answer 70

osteomalacia

Question 71

excess deposition and reabsorption

Answer 71

padget's disease

Question 72

high amount of spongy bon

Answer 72

padget's disease

Question 73

what is padget's disease caused from

Answer 73

a viral infection