Bones Flashcards
all bone starts out as what before converting to hard bone
fibrous connective tissue
layer of tissue covering the superficial part of the cartilage
perichondrium
what is pericondrium made of
dense irregular connective tissue
where does blood go thru in cartilage
perichondrium
are there nerve in cartilage
no
most abundant cartilage
hyaline
what is the cartilage on the ends of bone made of
hyaline
menisci in the knee and the vertebrae are made of this type of cartilage
fibrocartilage
growth from the perichondrium
appositional growth
chondrocytes themselves are producing new tissue
interstitial growth
skull and vertebrae
axial skeleton
protective supportive structure
axial skeleton
locomotion and movement
appendicular skeleton
all limb bone are long bones except….
wrist, ankle, or kneecap
what is yellow bone marrow made of
adipose tissue
what is stored in the center of the diaphysis
fat
where does growth of bones occur
epiphyseal line
membrane that surrounds the cartilage
perichondrium
what is the periosteum made of
dense irregular connective tissue
outer layer of periosteum is what
protective
inner layer of periosteum is what
osteogenic…producing bone
what can the endosteum do
produce bone
arranged in a haversian system
compact bone
made up of trabeculae
spongy bone
contains red marrow
cavity of spongy bone
where does blood cell production occur in spongy bone
red bone marrow
bones that form within a tendon
sesamoid bone
the sternum, scapula, and skull are this type of bone
flat bone
how do bones function in support
supporting internal organs
how do bones function in protection
skull protecting our brain. vertebrae protecting the spinal cord
how do bones provide movement
skeletal muscles attaching to bone
how do bones function in mineral storage
Ca and P stored in bone
how do bones function in hematopoeis
production of blood cells
allows blood vessels and nerves to move thru
haversion canasl
connect the blood supply of the medullary cavity to the haverisan canals
Volkmann’s canals
where are osteocytes located in bone
lacunae
organic components of bone
cells and osteoid (matrix)
inorganic components of bone
hydroxyapatites
what are hydroxyapatites
mineral salt that make up most of bone
what is in the osteoid
proteoglycan, collagen, and glycoproteins
where does intramembranous ossification occur
within membrane of dense irregular connective tissue
where does endochondral ossification occur
within hyaline cartilage
which ossification process in anerobic
endochondral
in the growth of width, where are the osteoblasts located.
the periosteum
in the growth of width where are the osteoclasts located that enlarge the marrow cavity
endosteum
matrix without minerals
osteoid seam
what activates osteoclasts in bone resorption
t lymphocytes (secrete enzymes that digest matrix)
3 factors controlling bone growth
diet, vitamins, and hormones
what do you need in your diet for bone growth to occur
p and ca
when blood ca levels are low, what is released?
PTH
when blood ca levels are high what is released
calcitonin
fracture that does not go all the way thru
partial
fracture that is broken into two separate pieces
complete
fracture where the break is in the bone but hasn’t been exposed to the skin
simple (closed)
fracture that goes thru the skin
compound (open)
fracture that is out of line
displaced
fracture where the bone get splintered at the site of the break
comminuted
fracture where the bone is twisted
sprial
fracture common in children
greenstick
fracture where there is bending on one side and the other side is broken
greenstick
fracture where one part of the bone is driven into the other part
impacted
soft callus
fibrocarilagenous
what first happens in fracture repair
a fracture hematoma forms
in fracture repair, how are the capillaries reestablished
thru a fibrocartlagenous callus
calcification that occurs in the granulation tissue
bony callus
2 effects of aging on bones
decr in protein formation and loss of calcium
how does a decr in protein as we age affect bones
bones become more brittle and are more likely to break bc the osteoid has less protein in it
how does a loss of ca as we age effect bone
bones become porous and
children not having enough vit d
rickets
adults not having enough vit d
osteomalacia
excess deposition and reabsorption
padget’s disease
high amount of spongy bon
padget’s disease
what is padget’s disease caused from
a viral infection
