Integumentary system Flashcards
1
Q
provides a water barrier for the integument
A
keratin
2
Q
4 skin derivatives
A
hair, nails, glands, receptors
3
Q
what is the epidermis made of?
A
epithelial tissue
4
Q
what is the function of the epidermis
A
protection
5
Q
what is the dermis made of
A
fibrous connective tissue
6
Q
protective cushion
A
hypodermis
7
Q
has blood vessels
A
dermis
8
Q
what is the epidermis mostly
A
dead cells
9
Q
what is the hypodermis
A
covering of a muscle
10
Q
undergo keratinization
A
keratinocytes
11
Q
bone marrow derivative
A
Langerhan’s cells
12
Q
produce a pigment that becomes a cytoplasmic inclusion
A
melanocytes
13
Q
functions in the immune system
A
langerhan’s cells
14
Q
at the dermis-epidermis border
A
merkel cells
15
Q
sensory reception
A
merkel cells
16
Q
allow us to detect touch
A
merkel cells
17
Q
how many layers is the stratum basale
A
one
18
Q
dead cells
A
stratum corneum
19
Q
3-5 layers of living cells
A
stratum granulosum
20
Q
last layer of living cells
A
granulosum
21
Q
prickly layer
A
spinosum
22
Q
layer of cells undergoing mitosis
A
basale
23
Q
web like system of intermediate filaments
A
spinosum
24
Q
what water proofs the skin
A
lamulated granules
25
what do lamulated granules contain
glycolipids (lipid part helps to water proof the skin)
26
helps the skin from drying out
lamulated granules
27
why do cells look prickly in spinosum
because they are attached to desmosomes and the cells die, but are still attached to the desmosomes
28
found only in high friction areas
stratum lucidum
29
what are the two layers of the dermis
papillary and reticular
30
made of dense irregular connective tissue
reticular layer
31
made of areolar connective tissue
papillary layer
32
part of the dermis that goes into where the epidermis is
papillary layer
33
helps to prevent the two layers from separating
dermal papillae
34
triggered by UV radiation
melanin
35
melanin causes an incr of what enzyme
pyrosinase
36
what AA gets converted to melanin by pyrosinase
tyrosine
37
where is hemoglobin found
in the capillaries of the dermis
38
increases grip and friction
dermal ridges
39
where can grooves be found
in areas where hair is growing
40
sweat glands
sudoriferous glands
41
glands that cover most of our body
eccrine
42
major function of eccrine glands
thermal regulation and help us maintain body temp
43
four types of sudoriferous glands
apocrine, eccrine, ceruminous, and mammary
44
where can apocrine glands be found
in areas with high saturated
45
when do apocrine glands start to function
puberty
46
function of apocrine glands
allow parts to slide past each other
47
wax does what
prevent things from getting into the brain
48
sebaceous glands are what
oil producing glands.
49
oil glands
sebaceous glands
50
what type of glands do hair follicles have attatched to them
sebaceous glands
51
function of sebaceous glands
lubricating the skin and hair
52
nails accumulate what
keratin
53
covers the growth area
eponychium
54
part of the skin that is actively dividing
nail matrix
55
back of the nail. where the nail meets the skin
lanula
56
last part of attatchment
hyponychium
57
acts as a cushion to prevent physical trauma
hair
58
can act as a filter (in nose and eyeballs)
hair
59
skin under nail
nail bed
60
visible part of the nail
nail body
61
store keratin protein
Keratohyaline granules
62
contain glycolipids
lamulated granules
63
which layer of the dermis can blood vessels be found
reticular
64
what type of pigment is melanin
epidermal
65
what is tyrosine
the amino acid that is converted into melanin in the prescence of UV radiation.
66
tyrosinase
enzyme that stimulates the conversion rxt (tyrosine to melanin)
67
sebaceous gland are (holocrine or merocrine)
holocrine
68
sudoriferous glands are (holocrine or merocrine)
merocrine
69
superficial part of the hair
shaft
70
goes all the way into the dermis
root
71
part that surrounds the root
follicle
72
3 regions of the shaft (medulla, cortex, cuticle)
medulla, cortex, and cuticle
73
where are pigments found in the hair
cortex
74
helps separate hair so it doesn't mat
cuticle
75
external root sheath has what origin
dermal (connective tissue)
76
Internal root sheath has what origin
epidermal
77
where new cells are dividing in the hair
internal root sheath
78
do individual cells flake off in hair?
no
79
contains and supplies nutrients for the growing hair
papilla
80
what type of muscle is the arrector pilli
smooth (has nervous tissue also)
81
how does the integument provide protection
physical protection thru keratin and chemical protection
82
how does the integument regulate body temp
dilation/constriction of capilaries
83
how does the integument function in sensation
skin hair plexus/ merkel cells
84
how does the integument function in metabolism
producing the inactive form of vit d
85
how does the integument work in maintaining a blood resevior
being able to circulate blood throughout the body
86
how does the integument work in excretion
sweat
87
protein that punctures holes in the cell wall of bacteria
human definsin
88
where can merkel's disc be found
stratum spinsosum of the epidermis
89
where can Meissner's corpuscles be found
the dermal papillae
90
what do Meissner's corpuscles do
respond to light touch
91
respond to deep pressuree
pacinian corpuscles
92
where can pacinian corpuscles be found
deep in the dermis
93
adapt rapidly
pacinian corpuscles
94
systemic effects of a burn (3)
water loss (bc lipid layer is destroyed), infections, shock (BP issues)
95
most cause of death in burn victims
dehydration
96
sym of 1st degree burn
redness, swelling, and pain
97
2nd degree burns have all the symptoms of 1st degree plus....
blisters
98
partial thickness burn
second degree
99
complete loss of function of the skin
3rd degree
100
acne is caused by inflammation of what gland
sebaceous
101
acne is what kind of infection
staph
102
autoimmune disease of the skin
lupus
103
lupus is most common in who
post pubescent woment
104
itchy scaly skin
psoriasis
105
what are the two types of therapy for psoriasis
phototherapy and hormonal therapy
106
bed sores
decubitus ulcers
107
what causes decubitus ulcers
pressure to the skin gets cut off and the skin rots
108
results from an unequal distribution of pigment cells
vitiligo
109
most common pigment d/o
vitiligo
110
what causes viltigo
immune system attacking melanocytes
111
complete lack of pigment
albinism
112
overproduction of melanin in certain places
freckles
113
what causes birthmarks
a collection of blood vessels near the surface of the skin.
114
helps to form keratin in the upper layers
kertaohyaline granules
115
supply nutrients to the growing hair
papilla
