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Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

provides a water barrier for the integument

A

keratin

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2
Q

4 skin derivatives

A

hair, nails, glands, receptors

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3
Q

what is the epidermis made of?

A

epithelial tissue

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4
Q

what is the function of the epidermis

A

protection

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5
Q

what is the dermis made of

A

fibrous connective tissue

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6
Q

protective cushion

A

hypodermis

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7
Q

has blood vessels

A

dermis

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8
Q

what is the epidermis mostly

A

dead cells

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9
Q

what is the hypodermis

A

covering of a muscle

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10
Q

undergo keratinization

A

keratinocytes

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11
Q

bone marrow derivative

A

Langerhan’s cells

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12
Q

produce a pigment that becomes a cytoplasmic inclusion

A

melanocytes

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13
Q

functions in the immune system

A

langerhan’s cells

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14
Q

at the dermis-epidermis border

A

merkel cells

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15
Q

sensory reception

A

merkel cells

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16
Q

allow us to detect touch

A

merkel cells

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17
Q

how many layers is the stratum basale

A

one

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18
Q

dead cells

A

stratum corneum

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19
Q

3-5 layers of living cells

A

stratum granulosum

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20
Q

last layer of living cells

A

granulosum

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21
Q

prickly layer

A

spinosum

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22
Q

layer of cells undergoing mitosis

A

basale

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23
Q

web like system of intermediate filaments

A

spinosum

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24
Q

what water proofs the skin

A

lamulated granules

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25
Q

what do lamulated granules contain

A

glycolipids (lipid part helps to water proof the skin)

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26
Q

helps the skin from drying out

A

lamulated granules

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27
Q

why do cells look prickly in spinosum

A

because they are attached to desmosomes and the cells die, but are still attached to the desmosomes

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28
Q

found only in high friction areas

A

stratum lucidum

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29
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis

A

papillary and reticular

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30
Q

made of dense irregular connective tissue

A

reticular layer

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31
Q

made of areolar connective tissue

A

papillary layer

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32
Q

part of the dermis that goes into where the epidermis is

A

papillary layer

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33
Q

helps to prevent the two layers from separating

A

dermal papillae

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34
Q

triggered by UV radiation

A

melanin

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35
Q

melanin causes an incr of what enzyme

A

pyrosinase

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36
Q

what AA gets converted to melanin by pyrosinase

A

tyrosine

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37
Q

where is hemoglobin found

A

in the capillaries of the dermis

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38
Q

increases grip and friction

A

dermal ridges

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39
Q

where can grooves be found

A

in areas where hair is growing

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40
Q

sweat glands

A

sudoriferous glands

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41
Q

glands that cover most of our body

A

eccrine

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42
Q

major function of eccrine glands

A

thermal regulation and help us maintain body temp

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43
Q

four types of sudoriferous glands

A

apocrine, eccrine, ceruminous, and mammary

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44
Q

where can apocrine glands be found

A

in areas with high saturated

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45
Q

when do apocrine glands start to function

A

puberty

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46
Q

function of apocrine glands

A

allow parts to slide past each other

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47
Q

wax does what

A

prevent things from getting into the brain

48
Q

sebaceous glands are what

A

oil producing glands.

49
Q

oil glands

A

sebaceous glands

50
Q

what type of glands do hair follicles have attatched to them

A

sebaceous glands

51
Q

function of sebaceous glands

A

lubricating the skin and hair

52
Q

nails accumulate what

A

keratin

53
Q

covers the growth area

A

eponychium

54
Q

part of the skin that is actively dividing

A

nail matrix

55
Q

back of the nail. where the nail meets the skin

A

lanula

56
Q

last part of attatchment

A

hyponychium

57
Q

acts as a cushion to prevent physical trauma

A

hair

58
Q

can act as a filter (in nose and eyeballs)

A

hair

59
Q

skin under nail

A

nail bed

60
Q

visible part of the nail

A

nail body

61
Q

store keratin protein

A

Keratohyaline granules

62
Q

contain glycolipids

A

lamulated granules

63
Q

which layer of the dermis can blood vessels be found

A

reticular

64
Q

what type of pigment is melanin

A

epidermal

65
Q

what is tyrosine

A

the amino acid that is converted into melanin in the prescence of UV radiation.

66
Q

tyrosinase

A

enzyme that stimulates the conversion rxt (tyrosine to melanin)

67
Q

sebaceous gland are (holocrine or merocrine)

A

holocrine

68
Q

sudoriferous glands are (holocrine or merocrine)

A

merocrine

69
Q

superficial part of the hair

A

shaft

70
Q

goes all the way into the dermis

A

root

71
Q

part that surrounds the root

A

follicle

72
Q

3 regions of the shaft (medulla, cortex, cuticle)

A

medulla, cortex, and cuticle

73
Q

where are pigments found in the hair

A

cortex

74
Q

helps separate hair so it doesn’t mat

A

cuticle

75
Q

external root sheath has what origin

A

dermal (connective tissue)

76
Q

Internal root sheath has what origin

A

epidermal

77
Q

where new cells are dividing in the hair

A

internal root sheath

78
Q

do individual cells flake off in hair?

A

no

79
Q

contains and supplies nutrients for the growing hair

A

papilla

80
Q

what type of muscle is the arrector pilli

A

smooth (has nervous tissue also)

81
Q

how does the integument provide protection

A

physical protection thru keratin and chemical protection

82
Q

how does the integument regulate body temp

A

dilation/constriction of capilaries

83
Q

how does the integument function in sensation

A

skin hair plexus/ merkel cells

84
Q

how does the integument function in metabolism

A

producing the inactive form of vit d

85
Q

how does the integument work in maintaining a blood resevior

A

being able to circulate blood throughout the body

86
Q

how does the integument work in excretion

A

sweat

87
Q

protein that punctures holes in the cell wall of bacteria

A

human definsin

88
Q

where can merkel’s disc be found

A

stratum spinsosum of the epidermis

89
Q

where can Meissner’s corpuscles be found

A

the dermal papillae

90
Q

what do Meissner’s corpuscles do

A

respond to light touch

91
Q

respond to deep pressuree

A

pacinian corpuscles

92
Q

where can pacinian corpuscles be found

A

deep in the dermis

93
Q

adapt rapidly

A

pacinian corpuscles

94
Q

systemic effects of a burn (3)

A

water loss (bc lipid layer is destroyed), infections, shock (BP issues)

95
Q

most cause of death in burn victims

A

dehydration

96
Q

sym of 1st degree burn

A

redness, swelling, and pain

97
Q

2nd degree burns have all the symptoms of 1st degree plus….

A

blisters

98
Q

partial thickness burn

A

second degree

99
Q

complete loss of function of the skin

A

3rd degree

100
Q

acne is caused by inflammation of what gland

A

sebaceous

101
Q

acne is what kind of infection

A

staph

102
Q

autoimmune disease of the skin

A

lupus

103
Q

lupus is most common in who

A

post pubescent woment

104
Q

itchy scaly skin

A

psoriasis

105
Q

what are the two types of therapy for psoriasis

A

phototherapy and hormonal therapy

106
Q

bed sores

A

decubitus ulcers

107
Q

what causes decubitus ulcers

A

pressure to the skin gets cut off and the skin rots

108
Q

results from an unequal distribution of pigment cells

A

vitiligo

109
Q

most common pigment d/o

A

vitiligo

110
Q

what causes viltigo

A

immune system attacking melanocytes

111
Q

complete lack of pigment

A

albinism

112
Q

overproduction of melanin in certain places

A

freckles

113
Q

what causes birthmarks

A

a collection of blood vessels near the surface of the skin.

114
Q

helps to form keratin in the upper layers

A

kertaohyaline granules

115
Q

supply nutrients to the growing hair

A

papilla

Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 (6 decks)

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