Integumentary system Flashcards
provides a water barrier for the integument
keratin
4 skin derivatives
hair, nails, glands, receptors
what is the epidermis made of?
epithelial tissue
what is the function of the epidermis
protection
what is the dermis made of
fibrous connective tissue
protective cushion
hypodermis
has blood vessels
dermis
what is the epidermis mostly
dead cells
what is the hypodermis
covering of a muscle
undergo keratinization
keratinocytes
bone marrow derivative
Langerhan’s cells
produce a pigment that becomes a cytoplasmic inclusion
melanocytes
functions in the immune system
langerhan’s cells
at the dermis-epidermis border
merkel cells
sensory reception
merkel cells
allow us to detect touch
merkel cells
how many layers is the stratum basale
one
dead cells
stratum corneum
3-5 layers of living cells
stratum granulosum
last layer of living cells
granulosum
prickly layer
spinosum
layer of cells undergoing mitosis
basale
web like system of intermediate filaments
spinosum
what water proofs the skin
lamulated granules
what do lamulated granules contain
glycolipids (lipid part helps to water proof the skin)
helps the skin from drying out
lamulated granules
why do cells look prickly in spinosum
because they are attached to desmosomes and the cells die, but are still attached to the desmosomes
found only in high friction areas
stratum lucidum
what are the two layers of the dermis
papillary and reticular
made of dense irregular connective tissue
reticular layer
made of areolar connective tissue
papillary layer
part of the dermis that goes into where the epidermis is
papillary layer
helps to prevent the two layers from separating
dermal papillae
triggered by UV radiation
melanin
melanin causes an incr of what enzyme
pyrosinase
what AA gets converted to melanin by pyrosinase
tyrosine
where is hemoglobin found
in the capillaries of the dermis
increases grip and friction
dermal ridges
where can grooves be found
in areas where hair is growing
sweat glands
sudoriferous glands
glands that cover most of our body
eccrine
major function of eccrine glands
thermal regulation and help us maintain body temp
four types of sudoriferous glands
apocrine, eccrine, ceruminous, and mammary
where can apocrine glands be found
in areas with high saturated
when do apocrine glands start to function
puberty
function of apocrine glands
allow parts to slide past each other
wax does what
prevent things from getting into the brain
sebaceous glands are what
oil producing glands.
oil glands
sebaceous glands
what type of glands do hair follicles have attatched to them
sebaceous glands
function of sebaceous glands
lubricating the skin and hair
nails accumulate what
keratin
covers the growth area
eponychium
part of the skin that is actively dividing
nail matrix
back of the nail. where the nail meets the skin
lanula
last part of attatchment
hyponychium
acts as a cushion to prevent physical trauma
hair
can act as a filter (in nose and eyeballs)
hair
skin under nail
nail bed
visible part of the nail
nail body
store keratin protein
Keratohyaline granules
contain glycolipids
lamulated granules
which layer of the dermis can blood vessels be found
reticular
what type of pigment is melanin
epidermal
what is tyrosine
the amino acid that is converted into melanin in the prescence of UV radiation.
tyrosinase
enzyme that stimulates the conversion rxt (tyrosine to melanin)
sebaceous gland are (holocrine or merocrine)
holocrine
sudoriferous glands are (holocrine or merocrine)
merocrine
superficial part of the hair
shaft
goes all the way into the dermis
root
part that surrounds the root
follicle
3 regions of the shaft (medulla, cortex, cuticle)
medulla, cortex, and cuticle
where are pigments found in the hair
cortex
helps separate hair so it doesn’t mat
cuticle
external root sheath has what origin
dermal (connective tissue)
Internal root sheath has what origin
epidermal
where new cells are dividing in the hair
internal root sheath
do individual cells flake off in hair?
no
contains and supplies nutrients for the growing hair
papilla
what type of muscle is the arrector pilli
smooth (has nervous tissue also)
how does the integument provide protection
physical protection thru keratin and chemical protection
how does the integument regulate body temp
dilation/constriction of capilaries
how does the integument function in sensation
skin hair plexus/ merkel cells
how does the integument function in metabolism
producing the inactive form of vit d
how does the integument work in maintaining a blood resevior
being able to circulate blood throughout the body
how does the integument work in excretion
sweat
protein that punctures holes in the cell wall of bacteria
human definsin
where can merkel’s disc be found
stratum spinsosum of the epidermis
where can Meissner’s corpuscles be found
the dermal papillae
what do Meissner’s corpuscles do
respond to light touch
respond to deep pressuree
pacinian corpuscles
where can pacinian corpuscles be found
deep in the dermis
adapt rapidly
pacinian corpuscles
systemic effects of a burn (3)
water loss (bc lipid layer is destroyed), infections, shock (BP issues)
most cause of death in burn victims
dehydration
sym of 1st degree burn
redness, swelling, and pain
2nd degree burns have all the symptoms of 1st degree plus….
blisters
partial thickness burn
second degree
complete loss of function of the skin
3rd degree
acne is caused by inflammation of what gland
sebaceous
acne is what kind of infection
staph
autoimmune disease of the skin
lupus
lupus is most common in who
post pubescent woment
itchy scaly skin
psoriasis
what are the two types of therapy for psoriasis
phototherapy and hormonal therapy
bed sores
decubitus ulcers
what causes decubitus ulcers
pressure to the skin gets cut off and the skin rots
results from an unequal distribution of pigment cells
vitiligo
most common pigment d/o
vitiligo
what causes viltigo
immune system attacking melanocytes
complete lack of pigment
albinism
overproduction of melanin in certain places
freckles
what causes birthmarks
a collection of blood vessels near the surface of the skin.
helps to form keratin in the upper layers
kertaohyaline granules
supply nutrients to the growing hair
papilla
