Joints Flashcards
Joints are the…
Body’s hinges
What are the three types of joints?
- Freely moveable, or synovial
- Slightly moveable, or cartilaginous
- Fixed, or fibrous
What are the five types of Synovial joints?
- Ball & Socket
- Gliding
- Hinge
- Saddle
- Pivot
What is the structure of Synovial joints?
All contain: hyaline (articular) cartilage, a joint capsule, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid.
Some: bursae, fat pads, ligaments
Give an example of a Ball & Socket joint…
Shoulder or Hip joints
What movement can you expect at a Ball & Socket joint?
Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Rotation, and Circumduction
Give an example of a Gliding joint…
Joints between Tarsals or Carpals
What movement can you expect at a Gliding joint?
Bones glide over each other
Give an example of a Hinge joint…
Elbow, Ankle, Knee, or Joints between phalanges of fingers and toes
What movement can you expect at a Hinge joint?
Movement in one plane; flexion and extension
Give an example of a Saddle joint…
Trapezium of Carpus (wrist) or Metacarpal of Thumb
What movement can you expect at a Saddle joint?
Movement around two axes; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction.
Give an example of where you would find a Pivot joint…
First two cervical vertebrae (Atlas and Axis) or proximal ends of Radius and Ulna
What type of movement should you expect at a Pivot joint?
Movement around one axis only and rotary movement
What are the characteristics of Cartilaginous joints?
Slightly moveable, moves by compression of cartilage
What is the structure of Cartilaginous joints?
Pad of white fibrocartilage between the bones.
Give an example of a Cartilaginous joint…
Spine / Vertebrae
Is there any movement at a Fibrous joint?
No
What is the structure of a Fibrous joint?
Fibrous tissue between ends of the bones
Give an example of a Fixed or Fibrous joint…
Sutures in the skull or Innominate (pelvic) bones
What is Bursae?
Fluid-filled sac.
Works as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body.
What is Hyaline?
Transparent articular cartilage
