Class Questions Flashcards
Describe the correct anatomical position…
Body standing erect, facing observer, arms extended and palms facing forwards, fingers pointing down
The sagittal plane splits the body…
Vertically, into left and right
What does medial mean?
Towards the midline
What does superficial mean?
Close to the surface (skin)
What does Caudal mean?
Towards the tailbone
What does proximal mean?
Close to the origin of a structure
What does cranial mean?
Towards the cranium/skull
How many bones are in the skeletal system?
206
What are the main functions of the skeletal system?
Support, Movement, Protection, Formation of Blood Cells, Joints, Attachments for muscles, Storage of calcium salts and other minerals
What bones make up the Axial skeleton?
Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic cage (ribs, sternum)
What bones make up the Appendicular skeleton?
Shoulder Girdle, Upper Limbs, Pelvic Girdle, Lower Limbs
Name the 5 different types of bone…
- Long 2. Short 3. Irregular 4. Flat 5. Sesamoid
Give an example of a long bone…
Clavicle,Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Phalanges, Metacarpals, Metatarsals
Give an example of a flat bone…
Scapula, Frontal, Nasal, Sternum, Occipital, Innominate, Parietal, Vomer, Ribs, Lacrimal
Give an example of a short bone…
Tarsals (ankle bones) , Carpals (wrist bones)
Give an example of an irregular bone…
Vertebrae + (sacrum + coccyx) , Maxilla, Mandible, Ethmoid, Palatine, Sphenoid, Zygomatic, Temporal
Give an example of a Sesamoid bone…
Patella, Hyoid
What is the central cavity of bone called?
Medullary Cavity
What are the two types of bone tissue?
Compact & Cancellous
What are Haversian canals?
Contain blood and lymph capillaries and nerves, run lengthways through ‘compact’ bone.
What is the function of yellow bone marrow?
Consists of cells and blood vessels
majority of cells Adipocytes (fat cells) but also stem cells to be developed into cartilage, bone, fat, or muscle cells.
What cells regulate bone formation?
Osteoclasts
How many bones are there in the Carpals?
8 (each wrist)
How many bones are there in the phalanges?
14 (each hand & foot)
How many bones in the metacarpals?
5 (each hand)
How many bones are there in the Tarsals?
7 (each ankle)
How many Metatarsals are there?
5 (each foot)
What is carpal bones are proximal to the ulna and radius?
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform
What carpal bone are distal to the ulna and radius?
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
What are ligaments?
Fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
What are tendons?
Fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to muscle
What is cartilage?
‘Shock absorber’
Strong flexible connective tissue that protects joints and bones.
