Joints

Question 1

articulation or arthroses

Answer 1

connection of bones at a joint usually to allow movement between surfaces of bones

Question 2

Synarthrodial joints

Answer 2

immovable joints

ex) suture in skull, gomphosis; teeth in mandible or maxilla

Question 3

amphiarthrodial

Answer 3

slightly movable joints

syndesmosis: distal tibofibular joint
symphysis: pubic symphysis
synchondrosis: costal cartilage between ribs and sternum

Question 4

diarthrodial joints

Answer 4

free movable

secrete synovial fluid

Question 5

arthrodial joints

Answer 5

gliding; 2 plane or flat bony surfaces which butt against each other, usually works together in series of articulation
ex) intercarpal and intertarsal joints

Question 6

ginglymus joint

Answer 6

hinge; uniaxial articulation, allows motion in 1 plane

ex) elbow, knew, ankle

Question 7

trochoid joint

Answer 7

pivot or screw; uniaxial articulation

ex) proximal and distal radioulnar joints

Question 8

condyloid joints

Answer 8

knuckle; biaxial ball and socket; one bone with an oval concave surface received by another cone with an oval convex surface
ex) 2,3,4,5 metacarpophalangeal (knuckle joints)

Question 9

enarthrodial

Answer 9

multiaxial or triaxial ball and socket; bony rounded head fitting into a concave articular surface
ex) hip, shoulder

Question 10

sellar joint

Answer 10

saddle; unique triaxial joint, 2 reciprocally concave and convex articular surfaces
ex) 1 carpometacarpal joint at thumb

Question 11

stability and mobility have an ________ relationship.

Answer 11

inverse

Question 12

Davis’ law

Answer 12

ligaments, muscles, and other soft tissue when placed under appropriate tension will adapt over time by lengthening and conversely when maintained in a loose or shorted state over a period of time will gradually shorted

Question 13

5 major factors affect total stability and mobility of a joint

Answer 13

bones
cartilage
ligaments and connective tissue
muscles
proprioception and motor control

Question 14

close packed joint position

Answer 14

maximum contact and stability, minimal mobility

Question 15

open (loose) packed joint position

Answer 15

minimal contact and stability, maximum mobility

Question 16

goniometer

Answer 16

tool used to measure amount of movement in a joint or measure joint angles

Question 17

range of motion

Answer 17

area through which a joint may normally and painlessly move freely

Question 18

physiological movements

Answer 18

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation; occurs by bones moving through planes of motion about an axis of rotation at a joint

Question 19

osteokinematic motion

Answer 19

resulting motion of bones relative to 3 cardinal planes; must be movement between the joint articular surfaces

Question 20

arthrokinematics

Answer 20

motion between articular surfaces

Question 21

accessory motion

Answer 21

spin, roll, glide

Question 22

roll

Answer 22

a series of points on one articular surface contacts with a series of points on another articular surface

Question 23

glide

Answer 23

a specific point on one articulating surface comes in contact with a series of points on another surface

Question 24

spin

Answer 24

a single point on one articular surface rotates about a single point on another articular surface

Question 25

convex-concave rule

Answer 25

when any convex joint surface moves on a concave surface roll and glide must occur in opposite direction and when a concave surface moves on a convex surface roll and glide occur in same direction