Bones

Question 1

Functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

protection 
support
movement
mineral storage 
hemopoiesis: produce blood cells

Question 2

osteoblasts

Answer 2

cells that form new bone

Question 3

osteoclasts

Answer 3

cells that resorb old bone

Question 4

long bones

Answer 4

long shaft ex) humerus, fibula

Question 5

short bone

Answer 5

small, cubical shaped ex) carpals, tarsals

Question 6

flat bones

Answer 6

usually have a curved surface and vary from thick where tendons attach to very thin
ex) ribs, sternum, scapula

Question 7

irregular bones

Answer 7

bones throughout spine, maxilla, pubis

Question 8

sesamoid bones

Answer 8

small bones embeded within tendon of a muscolotendinous unit that provide protection and improve mechanical advantage of musculotendinous units
ex) patella, 1st metatasophalangeal

Question 9

Diaphysis

Answer 9

long cylindrical shaft

Question 10

cortex

Answer 10

hard, dense compact bone forming walls of diaphysis

Question 11

periosteum

Answer 11

dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis

Question 12

endosteum

Answer 12

fibrous membrane that lines the inside of the cortex

Question 13

medullary cavity

Answer 13

between walls of diaphysis, containing yellow or fatty marrow

Question 14

epiphysis

Answer 14

ends of long bones formed from cancellous (spongey) bone

Question 15

epiphyseal plate

Answer 15

growth plate; thin cartilage plate separates diaphysis and epiphyses

Question 16

articular (hyaline) cartilage

Answer 16

covering the epiphysis to provide cushioning effect and reduce friction

Question 17

apophyses

Answer 17

bony process with an independent center of ossification and associated with growth plate

Question 18

Condyle

Answer 18

large, rounded projection that usually articulates with another bone

Question 19

facet

Answer 19

small, flat or nearly flat surface

Question 20

head

Answer 20

prominent, rounded projections of the proximal end of a bone, usually articulating

Question 21

angle

Answer 21

bend or protruding angular projection

Question 22

border or margin

Answer 22

edge or boundary line of a bone

Question 23

Crest

Answer 23

prominent, narrow, ridgelike projection

Question 24

epicondyle

Answer 24

projection located above a condyle

Question 25

line

Answer 25

ridge of bone less prominent than a crest

Question 26

process

Answer 26

any prominent projection

Question 27

ramus

Answer 27

part of an irregularly shaped bones that is thicker than a process and forms an angle with the main body

Question 28

spine

Answer 28

sharp, slender projection

Question 29

suture

Answer 29

line of union between bones

Question 30

trochanter

Answer 30

very large projection

Question 31

tubercle

Answer 31

small, rounded projection

Question 32

tuberosity

Answer 32

large, rounded or roughened projection

Question 33

facet

Answer 33

flattened or shallow articulating surface

Question 34

foramen

Answer 34

rounded hole or opening in bone

Question 35

fossa

Answer 35

hollow, depressed, or flattened surface

Question 36

fovea

Answer 36

very small pit or depression

Question 37

meatus

Answer 37

tubelike passage within a bone

Question 38

notch

Answer 38

depression in the margin of a bone

Question 39

sinus

Answer 39

cavity or hollow space within a bone

Question 40

sulcus

Answer 40

furrow or groove like depression on a bone

Question 41

Bone growth

Answer 41

endochondral bones

• develop from hyaline cartilage
• stop growing vertically but continue growing in diameter