Joints Flashcards
What tissue makes up a fibrous joint?
DFCT (dense fibrous connective tissue)
What is the function of a fibrous joint?
Stability, allows very limited movement
What are 2 examples of fibrous joints?
Cranial sutures, distal tibial-fibular joint
What tissue makes up cartilaginous joints?
fibrocartilage
What is the function of a cartilaginous joint?
To allow some movement
Give 2 examples of a cartilaginous joint
Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
What is the function of a synovial joint?
To facilitate free movement and control of movement
Where is articular cartilage found?
Covering the bone surfaces at an articulation
What is the function of articular cartilage and how is this achieved?
To reduce friction in the joint, by being smooth and sliding
Where is the synovial membrane found?
Lining the inner surface of the joint capsule
What is the function of the synovial membrane?
Secretes synovial fluid that lubricates the joint and delivers nutrients to tissue via joint loading.
Describe the joint capsule
A sheet of connective tissue that is continuous with the periosteum on either side of the joint
What is the function of the joint capsule?
Holds bones together and prevents synovial fluid from leaking out of the joint.
Inside the joint capsule is the joint cavity. What is the importance of this structure?
Creates potential space that gives the bones a place to go during movement
What is the difference between capsular and intracapsular ligaments?
Capsular ligaments are part of the joint capsule, while intracapsular ligaments are not.
What capsular ligaments are found in the knee?
Medial collateral ligament (MCL) and Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
What intracapsular ligaments are found in the knee?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
The menisci are an example of what structure found in some synovial joints?
Fibrocartilaginous structure
What is the function of the menisci?
To fill in space between femur and tibia, increase articulation surface and distributes force applied to the joint
Which is more important in synovial joints - mobility or stability?
Mobility
What parts of a synovial joint influence the possible movements at the joint?
Bony congruences/bone shape, ligaments, body surface contact
What plane does flexion/extension occur in?
sagittal plane
What plane does pronation/supination occur in?
transverse plane
What plane does inversion/eversion occur in?
coronal plane
What axis does flexion/extension occur around?
Coronal
What axis does pronation/supination occur around?
vertical
What axis does inversion/eversion occur around?
sagittal
Name the movements, # of axes and an example of a plane joint.
- sliding/gliding movements
- multiaxial
- intercarpal/ joints
Name the movements, # of axes and an example of a hinge joint.
- flexion/extension
- uniaxial
- elbow, ankle
Name the movements, # of axes and an example of a pivot joint.
- rotation
- uniaxial
- radioulnar joints, C1-C2 vertebrae
Name the movements, # of axes and an example of a condylar joint.
- flexion/extension, rotation when semi-flexed
- biaxial
- knee
Name the movements, # of axes and an example of an ellipsoid joint.
- flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, therefore circumduction
- biaxial
- wrist
Name the movements, # of axes and an example of a saddle joint.
- flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, therefore circumduction. also opposition
- biaxial (+)
- carpometacarpal (thumb) joint
Name the movements, # of axes and an example of a ball and socket joint.
- flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, therefore circumduction, rotation
- multi-axial
- shoulder, hip
