Joints

Question 1

What tissue makes up a fibrous joint?

Answer 1

DFCT (dense fibrous connective tissue)

Question 2

What is the function of a fibrous joint?

Answer 2

Stability, allows very limited movement

Question 3

What are 2 examples of fibrous joints?

Answer 3

Cranial sutures, distal tibial-fibular joint

Question 4

What tissue makes up cartilaginous joints?

Answer 4

fibrocartilage

Question 5

What is the function of a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 5

To allow some movement

Question 6

Give 2 examples of a cartilaginous joint

Answer 6

Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Question 7

What is the function of a synovial joint?

Answer 7

To facilitate free movement and control of movement

Question 8

Where is articular cartilage found?

Answer 8

Covering the bone surfaces at an articulation

Question 9

What is the function of articular cartilage and how is this achieved?

Answer 9

To reduce friction in the joint, by being smooth and sliding

Question 10

Where is the synovial membrane found?

Answer 10

Lining the inner surface of the joint capsule

Question 11

What is the function of the synovial membrane?

Answer 11

Secretes synovial fluid that lubricates the joint and delivers nutrients to tissue via joint loading.

Question 12

Describe the joint capsule

Answer 12

A sheet of connective tissue that is continuous with the periosteum on either side of the joint

Question 13

What is the function of the joint capsule?

Answer 13

Holds bones together and prevents synovial fluid from leaking out of the joint.

Question 14

Inside the joint capsule is the joint cavity. What is the importance of this structure?

Answer 14

Creates potential space that gives the bones a place to go during movement

Question 15

What is the difference between capsular and intracapsular ligaments?

Answer 15

Capsular ligaments are part of the joint capsule, while intracapsular ligaments are not.

Question 16

What capsular ligaments are found in the knee?

Answer 16

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) and Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

Question 17

What intracapsular ligaments are found in the knee?

Answer 17

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Question 18

The menisci are an example of what structure found in some synovial joints?

Answer 18

Fibrocartilaginous structure

Question 19

What is the function of the menisci?

Answer 19

To fill in space between femur and tibia, increase articulation surface and distributes force applied to the joint

Question 20

Which is more important in synovial joints - mobility or stability?

Answer 20

Mobility

Question 21

What parts of a synovial joint influence the possible movements at the joint?

Answer 21

Bony congruences/bone shape, ligaments, body surface contact

Question 22

What plane does flexion/extension occur in?

Answer 22

sagittal plane

Question 23

What plane does pronation/supination occur in?

Answer 23

transverse plane

Question 24

What plane does inversion/eversion occur in?

Answer 24

coronal plane

Question 25

What axis does flexion/extension occur around?

Answer 25

Coronal

Question 26

What axis does pronation/supination occur around?

Answer 26

vertical

Question 27

What axis does inversion/eversion occur around?

Answer 27

sagittal

Question 28

Name the movements, # of axes and an example of a plane joint.

Answer 28

- sliding/gliding movements - multiaxial - intercarpal/ joints

Question 29

Name the movements, # of axes and an example of a hinge joint.

Answer 29

- flexion/extension - uniaxial - elbow, ankle

Question 30

Name the movements, # of axes and an example of a pivot joint.

Answer 30

- rotation - uniaxial - radioulnar joints, C1-C2 vertebrae

Question 31

Name the movements, # of axes and an example of a condylar joint.

Answer 31

- flexion/extension, rotation when semi-flexed - biaxial - knee

Question 32

Name the movements, # of axes and an example of an ellipsoid joint.

Answer 32

- flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, therefore circumduction - biaxial - wrist

Question 33

Name the movements, # of axes and an example of a saddle joint.

Answer 33

- flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, therefore circumduction. also opposition - biaxial (+) - carpometacarpal (thumb) joint

Question 34

Name the movements, # of axes and an example of a ball and socket joint.

Answer 34

- flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, therefore circumduction, rotation - multi-axial - shoulder, hip