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Biomechanics/Kinesiology PT1 > joint mechanics > Flashcards

joint mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

frontal plane axis

A

anteroposterior

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2
Q

sagittal plane axis

A

medial-lateral

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3
Q

horizontal/transverse plane axis

A

longitudinal

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4
Q

kinematics

A

description of motion without regard to the forces producing the motion

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5
Q

kinetics

A

study of forces producing motion and or maintaining equilibrium

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6
Q

osteokinematics

A

study of the movement of a bone without regard for the motion occurring at the joint surface or the forces producing the movement

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7
Q

how do you measure osteokinematics

A

goniometers and inclinometers

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8
Q

uniaxial

A

1 degree of freedom

ex. hinge joints: the humeroulnar joint or proximal radioulnar joint that pivots

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9
Q

biaxial

A

2 degrees of freedom
CONCAVE AND CONVEX
saddle and sellar

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10
Q

sellar joints

A

joint surface is concave in one direction and convex in the other direction

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11
Q

triaxial

A

3 degrees of freedom

planar and ball and socket joints

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12
Q

circumduction

A

combines all degrees of freedom

minimal of 2 degrees of freedom

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13
Q

synarthrodial

A

bony components connected by connective tissue

designed for stability and minimal movement

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14
Q

suture

A

united by collagenous sutural ligament/membrane

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15
Q

gomphosis

A

peg in a hole (ex. mandible)

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16
Q

syndesmosis

A

interosseous ligament, fibrous cord or aponeurotic membrane

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17
Q

cartilaginous

A

bone-cartilage bone interface

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18
Q

symphysis

A

directly joined by fibrocartilage

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19
Q

synchondrosis

A

hyaline cartilage forms a body between the two bones

ex. rib connection to sternum

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20
Q

diarthrodial (synovial)

A

bones are indirectly connected by means of a joint capsule

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21
Q

ruffini receptor

A

stretch receptor

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22
Q

pacini receptor

A

compression, changes in hydrostatic PRESSURE and joint MOVEMENT

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23
Q

golgi receptor

A

pressure receptor and extremes of motion

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24
Q

unmyelinated free nerve endings are sensitive to

A

noxious/non-noxious mechanical or biomechanical stress

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25
Q

unmyelinated free nerve endings location

A

around blood vessels in synovial layer of capsule and fat pads
ligaments, tendons and periosteum

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26
Q

golgi location

A

intima of synovium, ligaments and tendons

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27
Q

pacini location

A

throughout the joint capsule, fat pads

28
Q

Ruffini location

A

fibrous joint capsule, periosteum, ligaments, tendons (flexion side)

29
Q

compound joint

A

has one or more pair of articular surfaces within the capsule

30
Q

complex joint

A

has an intra-articular disc b/w joint surfaces

31
Q

sub-intima

A

loose network

attaches to margins of articular cartilage, periosteum and fibrous capsule

32
Q

intima

A

synoviocytes are 1-3 layers)
lines the joint space and interacts with it
responsible for exchange with the synovial fluid, removal of debris from joint cavity and structural repair of synovium

33
Q

what does the intima synthesize

A

hyaluronic acid to keep the friction low

34
Q

what interacts directly with the intima

A

synovial fluid

35
Q

function of synovial fluid

A

keeps joint surfaces lubricated, has viscosity from hyaluronic acid and has low friction due to lubricin

36
Q

function of discs, plates, menisci, labrum

A

increase joint congruency, absorb compressive forces, facilitate motion, deepen cavity

37
Q

bursae

A

lined with synovial membrane, filled with a thin fluid
flat, dense, irregular CT sac
either subcutaneous, subtendinosis, and submuscularis

38
Q

open kinetic chain

A

proximal segment is fixed and distal segment can move

39
Q

closed kinetic chain

A

distal segment is fixed and stabilized and the proximal segment is moving
generally weight bearing

40
Q

kinetic chain definition

A

combo of several joints uniting successive segments (series of rigid links)

41
Q

saddle joints are ___

A

sellar; have both convex and concave on the same articular surface

42
Q

ovoid joints

A

joint surfaces are curved in the same direction as the articular partner

43
Q

arthrokinematics

A

the study of the movement of one articular surface on another without regard to the movement of the bone or the forces producing that movement

44
Q

rolling

A

each subsequent point on one surface contacts a new point on the other surface
SAME DIRECTION AS THE MOVEMENT

45
Q

gliding/sliding

A

same point on one surface contacts new point on the other surface, maintains optimal joint contact, direction depends on the surfaces and type of joint

46
Q

normal joint motion

A

combination of rolling, gliding and spinning

47
Q

convex on concave

A

rolling and gliding are opposite

48
Q

concave on convex

A

gliding and rolling are in the same direction

49
Q

treatment plane

A

line parallel to the concave articular surface

50
Q

distraction joint glide

A

perpendicular to the treatment plane

51
Q

traction joint glide

A

along long axis of the bone- parallel to treatment plane

52
Q

close packed position

A

maximum tautness of ligaments
maximum surface congruity/contact
min joint volume
maximum stability to allow for least distraction

53
Q

loose packed position or open packed

A

any position other than the close packed position
capsule and ligaments on slack
max joint volume
joint surfaces may distract several mm
allows for necessary roll, glide and spin

54
Q

what position does a joint go into with inflammation

A

open packed or loose packed

55
Q

what position do we do joint mobilizations

A

loose packed/open packed

56
Q

common convex bones

A

capitulum, femoral head, femoral condyles, talus, olecranon, humeral epicondyles, humeral head

57
Q

common concave bones

A

glenoid fossa, acetabulum, radial head, tibial plateaus, distal tibia and fibula, olecranon fossa,

58
Q

synarthrosis

A

designed for stability

59
Q

diarthrosis designed for ____

A

mobility (through synovial capsule)

60
Q

primary cartilaginous joint

A

synchondrosis

61
Q

secondary cartilaginous joint

A

symphysis

62
Q

outer fibrous capsule function

A

enclose the joint and provide stability

63
Q

describe the dense irregular CT in synovial jt capsule

A 
70% water 
highly innervated
poorly vascularized 
variable thickness 
90% collagen/elastin in dry weight
64
Q

intima is responsible for

A

synthesis of hyaluronic acid, remove debris from the capsule and structurally repair synovium

65
Q

sternoclavicular retraction

A

concave clavicle on convex sternum

posterior roll, posterior glide

66
Q

sternoclavicular elevation

A

convex clavicle on concave sternum

Superior roll, inferior glide

67
Q

treatment plane

A

lies in the concave joint surface, parallel to the joint surface

Biomechanics/Kinesiology PT1 (6 decks)

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