Joint Dislocation Flashcards
What is a Joint Dislocation?
Dislocation occurs when joint surfaces are completely displaced/no longer in contact
What are the clinical features of a Joint Dislocation?
Obvious deformity w/ displaced bony landmarks
-may be other neurovascular features/injuries
What is the key investigation in joint dislocation?
X-ray
What are the principles of management in joint dislocation?
Urgent joint reduction
Stabilise associated fractures
What are the common causes of ant shoulder dislocations (90%)?
FOOSH
Direct trauma
What are the common causes of post shoulder dislocations (10%)?
Direct trauma on front of shoulder
Seizures/electrolution
What is the classic X-ray sign of post shoulder dislocations?
Lightbulb sign
What structure is commonly injured in shoulder dislocations/reduction?
Axillary nerve
-provides dermatomal sensation to ‘regimental badge’ area of shoulder
What is Charcot’s arthropathy?
Rapidly progressing destructive process occurring in joints w/ autonomic/sensory neuropathy
What are the signs on examination of Charcot’s arthropathy?
Local oedema
Warmth on examination
Obvious deformities (Charcot’s foot)
What are the causes of Charcot’s arthropathy?
DM
Tabes dorsalis (syphilitic myelopathy)
Alcoholic neuropathy
Cauda equine lesions/leprosy
What are the X-ray findings of Charcot’s arthropathy?
Initial local osteoporosis
-progresses to osseous destruction & collapse
What is the management of Charcot’s arthropathy?
Well fitting cast
-prevents wt bearing
Surgical management of severe deformities
What is the Beighton Score?
9pt system to quantify joint laxity and hypermobility
>6 indicates hypermobility
How common is hypermobility?
10% of population
-particularly women (inherited trait)
