Job Factors Flashcards
What is meant by ‘Job Factors’ that may impact on the probability of human error?
Equipment, Task Complexity, Workload, Procedures or Instructions, Disturbances and Interruptions, Working Conditions such as noise and temperature.
Explain the purpose and application of Ergonomically-Designed Control Systems
Production Process Control Panels
The operator of a production process control panel must be able to operate the panel from a safe place. For some production processes this may be from an adjacent area or for more dangerous operations, the panel will be located at a safe distance or even within an enclosed area away from the production area.
The operator must be able to reach all the dials and switches easily. Emergency controls must be clearly identifiable and easy to operate. The operator must also have a view of the production area so that they can see what is happening and react.
Crane Cab Controls
A crane driver has to be in absolute control of the load that is being moved because the slightest slip of the controls may result in damage to buildings, materials or people. For this reason it is vital that the controls in the cab are within easy reach and move in straight lines to permit ease and delicacy of control. The driver must be provided with an adjustable seat so that they have a full view of the working area. The driver must also be protected from ingress of dust, fumes and heat from the external environment. The provision of filtered and refrigerated air, where necessary, ensures cool and comfortable working conditions.
Aircraft Cockpit
It is vital that a pilot can interface easily with all the controls in the cockpit. The controls/displays must be fitted around the cockpit in a logical way so that the pilot can easily reach/see the more important controls/displays. It is important that safety-critical switches cannot be inadvertently operated. These should be designed so that there has to be a positive action by the operator in order to initiate them. Emergency controls must be clearly identifiable, easy to use and situated in a suitable location. The emergency controls must be accessed quickly to prevent unnecessary delay in stopping the activity that they control. It is also important that the pilot can adjust their position to obtain the best field of vision and enable quick responses for movement of the various controls. For this reason, the pilot must be able to alter the height and position of their seat to ensure that their controls are in comfortable reach. The temperature, ventilation and lighting in the cockpit must also be adequate and these must be adjustable to suit the individual.
CNC Lathe
The CNC Lathe in computer-operated using a keypad or keyboard. It is important to ensure that the operator can access the keypad or keyboard easily and that they can use the keys comfortably. For this reason, the operator must be able to adjust their operating position as well as the actual position of the keyboard.
What impact can under-stimulated have on human reliability?
Jobs can become monotonous and controlled if they are designed to minimise skill requirements, maximise management control and minimise the time required to perform the task. Such jobs are likely to create negative attitudes and poor mental and physical health.
What impact may fatigue have on human reliability?
Severe fatigue can lead to poorer performance on tasks requiring attention, decision making or high levels of skill. Shift work, working at night or extended hours can all result in fatigue and have an adverse effect upon health.
What impact may stress have on human reliability?
The introduction of new systems can also be a source of stress where complicated technology and the absence of training and support can exert undue pressure on individuals. Some factors that may cause stress include; poor physical working conditions, working inconvenient and excessive hours, working on a repetitive and fast-paced task and having a job which involves risk or danger.
