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Theology - Christianity Beliefs, Teachings and Practices > Jesus Christ > Flashcards

Jesus Christ Flashcards

1
Q

For christians

A

Jesus is the incarnation of God on earth
-God wanted to reveal himself as human to teach them how to live morally and offer them the chance of salvation. ‘THE WORD BECAME FLESH AND MADE HIS DWELLING AMONG US’
- Jesus’ birth is a miracle - he was conceived by the virgin mary through the holy spirit
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2
Q

Jesus as the son of God

A

His conception was not natural but through the holy spirit. He is thought to be the second person of the holy trinity
The fact that he wasn’t made through humanly sexual intercourse demonstrates his purity and blessedness, he inherits perfection from his father not sin from humans - this demonstrates his nature as an incarnation of God.

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3
Q

Jesus as the lord and saviour

A
  • After the fall, there was an imperfect relationship between God and humans
  • Jesus was sent to restore a perfect relationship and take punishment for all human sin since we was had a perfect nature. His death was sufficient payment for our sins.
  • He demonstrated that he was God because he overcame death
  • Jesus made it possible for humans to have the prospect of eternity in heaven after physical death
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4
Q

Jesus as the messiah

A

‘ANNOINTED ONE’
Jews were expecting a military warrior that would help destroy the romans
- When Jesus was anointed with oil in Mark 8:27, this is significant because whilst Jesus fulfilled the old testament prophecies, he came as the messiah FOR ALL. His rule was a spiritual one not a military one
- through his life - our relationship with God can be restored

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5
Q

Adonai ?

A

Hebrew word for Lord
- Paul teaches that declaring jesus as the lord is the route to salvation
Adonai is a plural word and shows that jesus is one with God the father and the spirit
- In this we recognise his divine authority

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6
Q

Matthew 28:18

A

Jesus has ‘all authority in heaven and on earth’

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7
Q

Jesus as the lord and saviour

A

god gave his only son, Jesus, so that all humans could be saved

Jesus was a perfect human , he had no sin

God placed all of human’s sins on jesus when he was crucified

Jesus’s actions meant that there was a reconcilliation between humanity and god

Jesus’ death atoned for humanity’s sins

As a result , we have the possibility for eternal life in heavan with God.

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8
Q

jesus’ teachings about agape

A

god has unconditional love for us

He demonstrated this when he sacrificed his son to atone the sins of humanity

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9
Q

The greatest commandment ( Matthew 22:36-9)

A

Love the lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is first and greatest commandment

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10
Q

The good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37)good samaritan

A

a Samaritan man helps a Jewish man who has been beaten and robbed, although many people have walked by and ignored him. The Samaritan not only pays for the Jewish man’s care but also says he will return to pay more if needed. This teaches that people should not only show agape to people within their own community but also to anyone in need of help.

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11
Q

Jesus heals a man with leprosy ( Matthew 8:1-3)

A

Sufferers know as lepers and people refused to go near them, Jesus tended to spend his time with the socially rejected. Jesus reached and touched a man with leprosy and the was cured

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12
Q

Jesus raises a dead girl and heals a sick woman (Mark 5:21-42)

A

Jairus was a religious teacher who did not like jesus
when his daughter was dying he pleaded with him to help
Once the girl had died, jesus was able to bring her back to life

when he was walking to the house of jarius, a sick woman touched jesus’ clothes in hope that it would heal her. Jesus realised and said she had already been healed because of her faith

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13
Q

Jesus’ teachings

A

Jesus taught sacrificial love - voluntary suffering and even death for the benefit of other people without expecting anything in return.

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14
Q

The sermon on the mount ( matthew 5 -7)

A

How christians should live in order to please god

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15
Q

The beatitudes

A

beatitudes - blessings

meekness, mercy and peacefulness

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16
Q

blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven

A

first three beatitudes - more open to god if they are ready to receive their needs and are aware of what they need most
in return, they are better able to amplify his life communally
Mother teresa demonstrates this in the slums of kolkata

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17
Q

blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven

A

first three beatitudes - more open to god if they are ready to receive their needs and are aware of what they need most
in return, they are better able to amplify his life communally
Mother teresa demonstrates this in the slums of kolkata

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18
Q

Blessed are the merciful for they will be shown mercy - beatitudes 4-7

A

searching for god and truth and righteousness
seeking to be ‘pure in heart’ means to be god focused in all you do and not to be distracted by selfishness
martin luther king’s work to bring equality in america is a good example of this quality

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19
Q

final beatitudes - ‘Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven’

A

Concentrates on suffering as a result of doing what is right in the eyes of god.
Christians who suffer are content because they are remaining true to themselves and living with integrity - the reward will be in heaven
Oscar romero - stood up for the poor in El salvador, but he was assassinated for taking a stand

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20
Q

Jesus and the law

A

Jesus’ law altered the way believers should understand the law of god given to the israelites by moses
obedience of the law must come from a persons heart
a person that thinks ill-thoughts are just as bad as being outwardly bad and ill in visible nature.
jesus explains that anger about hate for someone else is just as bad as murder. Murder robs a person of their god given value, so does anger, which could lead to murder
Jesus also address adultry - lust can lead to adultry
lust is wanting someone for sexual pleasure rather than loving them completely. adultry goes against god’s command and breaks the trust in marriage
lust is the act of commiting adultry in the heart

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21
Q

divorce (matthew 5:31-32)

A

‘anyone, who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, makes her the victim of adultry’

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22
Q

Oaths ( matthew 5:33-37)

A

Do not break your oaths, but fulfil to the lord the vows you have made

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23
Q

Revenge and love for enemies

A

In old testement, israelites told not to ‘bear grudges’
All humans made in God’s image
every human has the capacity to sin and the need to be loved and forgiven
Jesus demonstartes this love when he is sacrificed for human sinfulness
For example, christian communities in RWANDA restored relationships even with those who participated in mass killings during attempted genocide in 1994

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24
Q

True discipleship

A

dismisses outward acts of religion that are done to appear righteous to others
sincerity is significant as well as keeping their fasting and charity private - instead of doing this to please others, they are doing this to serve god.

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25
Q

The lord’s prayer

A

demonstrates how we should structure our prayers
- worship of god
- requests that god meets their daily needs
- section of repentance - asking for forgiveness
this forgiveness request should also be mirrored in their own life by forgiving those who have upset them

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26
Q

Matthew 6:9-15

A

For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly father will also forgive you #

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27
Q

true righteousness

A

Wealth - (6:19-24)
commitment to faith
not to build up treasures on earth - have faith that god will provide for them

The true riches are ‘spiritual treasures’ - cannot be destroyed
A person cannot worship both money and god
Jesus is not saying money is evil, he is saying the complete love for money is evil. this becomes an idol which leads to greed

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28
Q

Judging others

A

Everyone has the capacity to sin, so nobody is in the position to judge others
If people judge others, then god will use the same standards to judge them
Human judgement is flawed - God’s judgement is perfect
(Matthew 7:3-5)

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29
Q

The narrow gateway (7:13-23)

A

Warns believers about the difficulty of being a christian
image of a narrow gate and pathway compared to a broad gate and pathway.
Broad pathway - destruction - a life that is lived without commitment and surrender to God and his laws. May be easier but will not lead to his grace or blessing of prosperity in heaven
Narrow pathway - can be difficult - leads to eternal rewards in heaven

30
Q

Building on solid foundations (7:24-29)

A

Analogy of house built on sandy foundations compared with one being built on solid rock
a life built with faith and trust in god will get through the ‘the streams’ and the ‘winds’ that ‘crash’

31
Q

Jesus’ different ideas to that of the old testement

A

old testament says ‘an eye for an eye’ however jesus condemns revenge and preaches unconditional love for one another. ‘Do not resist an evil person’ ‘If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also’ ( Matthew 5:38-9)

32
Q

Jesus’ example

A

‘i have not come to call respectable people but outcasts’

God’s kingdom is available for everyone

33
Q

How christians follow jesus’ example

A

Christians are working towards the creation of god’s kingdom
‘His kingdom will be done, on earth as it is in heaven’
Sharing jesus’ message and persuading them to work towards the kingdom is known as EVANGELISM

34
Q

different christians beliefs about jesus

A

science makes it difficult to believe in a virgin birth, the resurrection, and miracles

35
Q

Liberal christians

A

Miracles are parables that teach how jesus put agape into action
ressurection - good conquers evil#
incarnation - symbol that god can relate to humans or god’s humility

36
Q

Consrvative christians

A

Literal word of the father - god is all powerful

how can humanity be saved if jesus wasn’t not born, had a human death and then resurrect

37
Q

Incarnation

A

not affected by origional sin because he is god incarnate
Jesus’ life on earth provides a perfect example of how god wants every person to live
performed miracles – demonstrated he was god over his command of natural evil like disease - like when he calmed a storm - provded a glimpse of heaven - no suffereing or pain
purpose for incarnation - to die and then overcome death

38
Q

Crucifixion

A

romans used it so the person’s suffering would act as a deterrent to other criminals
Jesus can understand human suffering because he suffered a human death - immanent
it seems as if evil has won - christians believe jesus’ death was an atonement - his death had a purpose

39
Q

resurrection

A

Jesus has power of death itself
free from original sin that leads to death and eternal separation from god
evidence he was god incarnate
Christians also believe that the resurrection shows us god had approved of his sacrifice and it was sufficient to pay the debt of human sin.
‘I am the resurrection and the life, he who believes in me will live even when he dies’ (john 11:25)

40
Q

ascension

A

forty days after the resurrection, the book of acts stated that jesus rose back up to heaven
‘he was taken up to heaven as they watched him, and a cloud hid him from their sight’
liberalists - symbol of the good RISING and ascending over the bad
conservatives - literally ascended into heaven

signifies the end of his work on earth - his work in heaven continues. Jesus says he is going to prepare a place for his believers

letter to hebrews - jesus is a high priest - high priests used to offer sacrifices to god in the temple for the sins of jews . Jesus took the place of the sacrifice, because he had perfect nature, his was the final sacrifice

41
Q

Apostles creed

A

sums up christian doctrine and challenges any heresies

42
Q

concept of salvation

A

because of adam and eve, the perfect relationship with us and god was broken and the only way for it to be repaired is through atonement. God demonstarted this when he died on the cross

43
Q

salvation

A

being saved from eternal seperation from god or hell.

44
Q

atonement

A

By that will have been sanctified through the offering of the body of jesus christ once for all (hebrews 10:9-10)

45
Q

Day of atonement

A

time of moses - a covenant that god would care for him if his people remained faithful
This didn’t work, because of sin
Day of atonement - regular offering of atonement sacrifice . happened once every year
blood of animal would bringe reconciliation between humans and god
on that day, people would stand pure before god
priests were temporary - true high priest - jesus when he died and entered heaven, which is the true precense of god, just as the priest entered the holy of holies.

46
Q

leviticus 16:30

A

on this day shall atonement be made for you, to cleanse you : from all your sins you shall be clean before the land

47
Q

law

A

law showed people were sinful and failed to commit to faith in god
hebrew 9:26 - jesus’ scarifice was a way fro us to be forgiven under this new covenant and have the holy spirit live in them by repentance and faith in christ

48
Q

grace

A

no longer saved by their own moral works but by the grace of fod - his blessing/gift even though we are imperfect

49
Q

sin

A

we continue to sin as a result of original sin from the fall but god offers us the gift of eternal life in heaven because of jesus’ death

‘For as in adam all die, so in christ all will be made alive’

we can’t do anything to earn our salvation - only through god’s grace
everyone stands before god equal - no one can boast that it was because of their own righteous behavior - this reflects the sermon on the mount

50
Q

redemption

A

the salvation god offers is actually him offereing to pay our debt of sin

51
Q

repentence + forgiveness

A

in order ot be saved we must repent and forgive - we also must acceptgod’s helpw hich is in the form of the holy spirit, which lives in us through faith in christ

52
Q

repentence + forgiveness

A

in order ot be saved we must repent and forgive - we also must acceptgod’s helpw hich is in the form of the holy spirit, which lives in us through faith in christ

53
Q

Ransom theory

A

Adam and eve disobeyed god by giving into temptation
They were in the clutches of the devil
God had to pay the devil a ransom to free humanity so he offered his son
The ransom was a trick though, because jesus was free from sin and a perfect being and god so he was able to overcome death

54
Q

Substitution theory

A

adam and eve disobeyed god so were removed from his precense
To atone for sins, jewish people offered sacrifices on the day of atonement
God offered his son as the final sacrifice - the lamb of god - which pays the full price for our sins

55
Q

Moral influence theory

A

Adam and eve disobeyed god
To teach us how to behave, god gave Moses the ten commandments
People only followed these rules to look righteous not beacsue they loved god, so as an example of god’s love, he sacrificed his only son.

56
Q

Moral influence theory

A

Adam and eve disobeyed god
To teach us how to behave, god gave Moses the ten commandments
People only followed these rules to look righteous not beacsue they loved god, so as an example of god’s love, he sacrificed his only son.

57
Q

Roman Catholics believe

A

that they ae being saved when they ae baptised and belonging to the church
their ongoing participation in the sacraments, like the eucharist ensures their salvation

58
Q

evangelical christians believe

A

that it is faith it jesus christ that they will be saved

59
Q

some christians believe

A

that it is the way they act that is key to their salvation

60
Q

salvation through the spririt

A

inspired the authors of bible to correctly communicate god’s laws
is present at conscience, giving us a asense of guilt and sense of righteousness when we follow god’s laws

61
Q

The apocolypse

A

Eschaton - last days of the world . Christians in the early church believed they were living in the end of time.
Book of revelation - disturbing imagery
Some christians see the book of revelation as a metaphor but others see it as an expression of the authors anger at he persecution of christians in the roman empire

62
Q

Parousia

A

second coming
jesus will return to judge everyone
‘Do not let your hearts be troubled … I will come back and take you to be with me that you also may be where I am (John 14:1–3)

63
Q

early church ideas about apocolypse

A

that jesus would return to make his final judgement after he ascended into heaven. Jesus said ‘ some who are standing here will not taste death before they see the Son of Man [Jesus] coming in his kingdom (Matthew 16:28)’
some who are standing here will not taste death before they see the Son of Man [Jesus] coming in his kingdom (Matthew 16:28)

64
Q

Day of judgement

A

The last day where god judges all of humanity
All souls will be judged
Parable of the sheep and the goats - jesus explains judgement
sheep represent those who have followed god’s laws and the goats representt those who have been selfish. The sheep have a place in heaven with god and the sheep shall’ DEPART FROM ME, YOU WHO ARE CURSED’ - NO RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD

some christians believe in personal judgement where souls are judged individually when they die but others believe that they must wait until the day of judgement where all will be judged together

65
Q

Life after death - resurrection

A

death is not feared for those who have lived morally and done god’s will

‘The one who believes in me will live, even when they die’

christians believe that the dead will be resurrected on the day of judgement

’ If there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised. And if Christ has not been raised, our preaching is useless and so is your faith. ‘ 1 Corinthians 15:12–14

after judgement - souls will achieve a SPIRITUAL RESURRECTION - the sould and NOT the body will be raised from the dead

Others believe in a physical resurrection alongside the spiritual resurrection .

Most believe that through jesus’ death and resurrection - jesus defeated death making it possible for humans to be resurrected at the end of the world

66
Q

heaven, hell and purgatory

A

some christians believe these are states of mind. Heaven being an unending sense of happiness due to presence of god

67
Q

heaven

A

some Christians believe that heaven is a physical place due to JESUS SAYING ‘MY FATHERS HOUSE HAS MANY ROOM’

‘a rainbow, resembling an emerald’ - descpritions about heaven from book of revelations

68
Q

‘I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.’

A

HEAVEN AS AN ETERNAL LIFE IN THE PRESENCE OF GOD

69
Q

hell

A

souls are seperated form the precense of god
old testament - SHEOL - place of departed spirits but not necessarily a place of punishment

n ew testament - gehennah - hell

chruch used hell as a way of fear
some christians view hell as concept of annihilation, meaning complete destruction
body and soul cease to exist

70
Q

parable of rich man and lazarus

A

jesus explains how a rich man ignored the suffering of a beggar called lazarus
when both men died lazarus went to heaven and the rich man went to hell. In hell, the rich man begged for mercy - his request was refused
law, which teaches how to get to heaven, is already available
this story demonstartes how hell is eternal and there is no mercy shown

71
Q

Some christians argue that hell..

A

goes against god’s omnibenevolent nature. they don’t think god would punish somebody for eternity. They believe, that even in hell, you can atone for your sins and that they will eventually repent and be forgiven in order to reach heaven.

72
Q

purgatory

A

The process of purgatory is the final purification of the elect, which is entirely different from the punishment of the damned.
they have to undergo purification in order to achieve holiness necessary to enter heaven. Catholics believe in purgatory

people in purgatory know they will go to heaven. This also explains why Catholics pray for the dead - when you die, you are not beyond help - prayers can help people in purgatory

Theology - Christianity Beliefs, Teachings and Practices (8 decks)

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