Jerusalem Lost: The Second through Fourth Crusades Flashcards
Who calls for the second crusade?
Second Crusade preached (e.g., Saint Bernard of Clairvaux). Boring reading for us, but it inspired many to go and kill Muslims. They were the enemies of God. But they were confused when they got there because their brothers were allowing Muslims to live.
Why is the second crusade called?
Edessa falls (1144: due to rising power of Seljuk Dur-ad-Din). Northern flank is compromised.
When is the second crusade called?
1144
What is the confusing part for the second crusaders about what they find with the first crusaders?
Shock and disappointment on the part of the newcomers at the toleration and alliances with the Muslims.
Mindset of the newcomers versus those who were resident crusaders (the pulliani, or “old stagers”). They couldn’t stand the toleration. They wanted them to corvert them or kills them like Charlemagne did with the Saxons.
Who are the pulliani?
The first crusaders who had settled in Palestine.
Why did the second crusade end?
The second crusade ended because of disunity between the crusaders. Some wanted to march on Damascus, or Nur-ad-Din. The resident crusaders prevented all this, because they needed friendly Muslims when their friends went back home.
Who was the leading Muslim general during the second crusade?
Seljuk Dur-ad-Din
Who takes over Dur-ad-Din when he dies?
Saladin, his nephew.
What decisive battle leaves Jerusalem open to attack? And who was the leader?
Loss of (partially completed) defensive castle at Jacob’s Crossing to Saladin, leaving Jerusalem open to attack. This was the decisive blow that left Jerusalem open. Christians could have won had they built the right alliances.
What did Saladin do to unite Arab Muslims against the Christians during the second crusade?
He preached jihad.
What was Saladin’s character?
- A generous, chivalrous, merciful, and generally trustworthy opponent
- Admired by the Christians as well. His character was more Christian than theirs.
- Resident crusaders willing to come to terms with Saladin.
Who is made king in Jerusalem during the 2nd crusade?
Guy of Lusignan, married to one of Baldwin’s daughters (Sybilla), chosen instead of Raymond as King after Baldwin IV’s death (1185), in great part due to support by the war party.
Why does Jerusalem fall?
- Saladin beseiges Tiberias: Raymond discourages relief (despite his wife there). He tells his troops to wait for Saladin to move, so that his forces could fight on better ground.
- Guy decides to relieve Tiberias. His army is met by Saladin in the desert at Hattin, defeated (July 4, 1187) with Guy and other leaders taken prisoner. Basically, he ignores Raymond. Raymond fought his way out.
- Saladin retakes Jerusalem (Oct. 2), allowing Christians to leave unmolested to another Christian territory.
When does Jerusalem fall?
October 2nd, 1187.
Who finally defeats Saladin during the 3rd crusade?
Richard “the Lionhearted” and Philip Augustus of France take Acre (1191, depicted at right), Richard even defeats Saladin in battle, but they fail to attain Jerusalem. These guys took the sea route. But they couldn’t agree on anything.
