Japanese Architecture Flashcards
the way of the gods oldest religion.
Shinto
god present in nature
Kami
THE SUN GODDESS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT KAMI
Amaterasu
in Japanese term means pottery . Inhabitants were skillful in the art of pottery making with cord motif
Jomon
o Circular shape
o Floor- earth with pith covered with stone served as place for fire for heating and cooking
o Walls- thatched made of grass o Structural- tree parts as pillars
Tataena-shiki (Pit House)
large burial mounds for the Japanese nobility during the time of Yamato-the name given to the period in
Japan.
Kofun
Shogun was introduced –military generals to combat barbarians of the north
Heian Period
the standard style and method of temple building at the end Heian period.
Wayo Style
Period where tea ceremony (chanoyu) were held in tea houses (chasitsu) were constructed
Tea ceremony was introduced by Buddhist monk Eichu to temper the extravagant aristocrats and to serve soldiers
Muromachi period
A SYSTEM OF SUPPORTING BLOCKS AND BRACKETS SUPPORTING THE EAVES OF A JAPANESE BUILDING, USUALLY PART OF A BUDDHIST TEMPLE OR SHINTO SHRINE.
Tokyo
PLANT ROOFING TILES AND A TYPE
OF CYPRESS CALLED _____ WERE
PERIOD THAT THE HIDDEN ROOF, A
USED FOR ROOFS
Hinoki
IT IS COMPOSED OF A TRUE ROOF ABOVE AND A SECOND ROOF BENEATH, PERMITTING AN OUTER ROOF OF STEEP PITCH TO HAVE EAVES OF SHALLOW PITCH, JUTTING WIDELY FROM THE WALLS BUT WITHOUT OVERHANGING THEM
Hidden Roof
THERE IS A SIDE OF ROOFING THAT EXTENDS OUT AND UP FROM EACH SIDE OF THE RECTANGULAR STRUCTURE. PARTWAY UP TWO OF THE SHORTER OPPOSITE SIDES ARE STOPPED AND THE REMAINING TWO CONTINUE TO THE TOP WHERE THEY ARE JOINED.
Irimoya Roof
THE SIMPLEST KIND OF ROOF.
TWO SIDES JOINED AT THE TOP TO COVER THE BUILDING.
Kirizuma
ONE OF THE TYPES OF ROOFS USED IN THE JAPANESE TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE, ESPECIALLY FOR THE BUDDHIST CONSTRUCTIONS.
Hogyo
A HIPPED ROOF. A THE ROOF THAT DESCENDS FROM THE RIDGE ON FOUR SIDES OF A RECTANGULAR BUILDING.
Yosemune
- “PALACE OF THE GOD/S”
- TO ENSHRINE A KAMI (GOD, 神)
- BUDDHIST IN ORIGIN
- LOCATED NEAR ROCKS, WATERFALLS, OR IN ISLANDS AND MOUNTAINS TO ATTRACT KAMI.
Shinto Shrines
THE ENTRANCE TO THE SACRED AREA
• MADE OF WOOD, STONE, METAL, CONCRETE OR ANY MATERIAL.
• A SHRINE CAN HAVE ANY NUMBER
Torii
THE ROAD APPROACHING THE SHRINE.
• MARKS THE BEGINNING OF THE SHRINE’S TERRITORY.
• THERE CAN ALSO BE STONE LANTERNS AND ANY OTHER DECORATIONS ALONG THE PATHWAY.
Sando
WATER-FILLED BASINS
• BEFORE ENTERING THE
SHRINE, VISITORS ARE TO WASH THEIR HANDS AND MOUTHS
Chozuya
TRADITIONAL LATERN MADE OF STONE, WOOD OR METAL
Toro
THE FACILITIES WHERE DAY-TO- DAY SHRINE MANAGEMENT IS CONDUCTED.
Shamusho
WOODEN PLAQUES BEARING PRAYERS OR WISHES.
Ema
SMALL OR MINIATURE SHRINES ENTRUSTED TO THE CARE OF A LARGER SHRINE, GENERALLY DUE TO SOME DEEP CONNECTION WITH THE ENSHRINED KAMI
Sessha/Masha
STATUE PAIRS OF LION-LIKE CREATURES EITHER GUARDING THE ENTRANCE OR THE INNER SHRINE.
Koma
HALL OF WORSHIP OR ORATORY
• IT IS PLACED IN FRONT OF THE SHRINE’S MAIN SANCTUARY
Haiden
Sacred part of the Shinto shrine where kami, represented by statue or mirror, is enshrined.
Located at the back away from public. Only priest are allowed to use the hall.
Honden
A FENCE SURROUNDING THE SHRINE.
• MADE OF A VARIETY OF MATERIALS
INCLUDING WOOD, STONE AND — IN RECENT YEARS —
CONCRETE.
Tamagaki
The centerpiece of an ancient Buddhist temple’s garan (compound) in Japan.
• Housing the main object of worship
Kondo
The most important gate of the temple
• The size is the indicater of the
temple’s status
• The fact that the gate has
Sanmon
A tiered tower with multiple eaves, built in traditions originating in historic South Asia
To (Pagoda)
A ROUND OR EGG- SHAPED PART OF THE UPPER DECORATION OF A PAGODA.
IT SYMBOLIZES A VEHICLE FOR THE ANGELS TO COME DOWN TO EARTH.
Ryusha
ORIGINALLY, IT MEANT FIRE. BUT PEOPLE THINK THAT FIRE CAUSES THE PAGODA TO BURN SO THEY RENAMED IT. SUI MEANS WATER IN JAPANESE.
Suien
A CIRCLE OF UPTURNED LOT US PETALS, USUALLY EIGHT IN NUMBER.
Ukebana
SYMBOLIZES THE FIVE FAMOUS JINA DEITIES AND FOUR FAMOUS BODHISATTVA
Horin
AN INVERTED BOWL-LIKE
FIXTURE WHICH SYMBOLIZES A GRAVE
Fukubachi
ON WHICH RESTS THE
ENTIRE FINIAL.
Roban
THE CENTRAL PILLAR AT
THE CORE.
• HAS BEEN LONG THOUGHT TO BE THE KEY TO JAPANESE PAGODA’S EXCEPTIONAL EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE
Shinbashira
A type of roof ornamentation.
• They are generally roof tiles or statues
• depicting a Japanese ogre (oni) or a fearsome beast.
Onigawara
Architectural ornamentation generally consisting of a decorated plaque attached to the ends of the ridge beams of a roof to hide them and protect them from elements.
Kegyo
Posts based on the motive of an inverted lotus flower
Sakerenge
A style of pointed arch or bell-shaped window found in Japanese architecture
Katomando
A generic term for the main,
crowning, timber ridge, ridge pole or ridge beam that runs horizontal to the ground. It is joined to the front sloping framework of the roof.
Oomune
A cylindrical bird perch tile which has a strong upward curve and is placed on top of an ogre tile.
• They are placed at the ends of a main ridge on corner ridges or on descending ridges.
Toribusuma
A decorative floral and vine design motif and A pattern of one or more curled tadpole shapes inside a circle which is attached to a nokidomoegawara (軒巴瓦) semi- cylindrical eave-end tile which has a circular pendant disk.
Renge-mon
A STYLE OF JAPANESE RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE USED IN THE MANSIONS OF THE MILITARY, AND TEMPLE GUEST HALLS.
• IT FORMS THE BASIS OF TODAY’S TRADITIONAL- STYLE JAPANESE HOUSE
Shoin-zukuri
REFERS TO THE STYLE OF DOMESTIC ARCHITECTUR E DEVELOPED FOR PALATIAL
OR ARISTOC RATICMANSI ONS BUILT IN KYOTO IN THE HEIAN PERIOD
Shinden-zukuri
THE MAIN BUILDING (SLEEPING PLACE), IS ON THE CENTRAL NORTH-SOUTH AXIS AND FACES SOUTH ON AN OPEN COURTYARD.
Shinden
TWO SUBSIDIARY BUILDINGS, ARE BUILT TO THE RIGHT AND LEFT OF THE SHINDEN, BOTH RUNNING EAST-WEST. THE TAI-NO-YA AND THE SHINDEN ARE CONNECTED BY TWO CORRIDORS CALLED RESPECTIVELY SUKIWATADONO AND WATADONO.
Tai-no-ya
AT THE HALF- WAY POINTS OF THE TWO CORRIDORS LEAD TO A SOUTH COURTYARD, WHERE MANY CEREMONIES WERE CELEBRATED.
Chumunro
ONE BIG SPACE PARTITIONED BY PORTABLE
SCREENS AND THE ROOM AT THE CORE
Moya
MOST IMPORTANT CEREMONIAL BUILDING WITHIN THE PALACE GROUNDS. THE ENTHRONEMENT CEREMONIES OF EMPEROR TAISHO AND EMPEROR SHOWA TOOK PLACE HERE.
Shinshin-den
A PLACE WHERE THE EMPEROR WOULD CONDUCT HIS OWN PERSONAL AFFAIRS, IT WAS LATER USED FOR VARIOUS GATHERINGS AND MEETINGS AS WELL.
Seiryo-den
A PLACE WHERE THE EMPEROR RECEIVED BANNERMEN UNDER THE DIRECT CONTROL OF THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUN (BUKE). IT WAS ALSO USED FOR SOME RITUALS.
Ko-gosho
WAS FOR READING RITES, A MONTHLY POETRY RECITAL AND ALSO A PLACE THE EMPEROR RECEIVED NOBLES
O-gakumonjo
THE IMPERIAL THRONE. IT HAS BEEN USED ON THE OCCASION OF THE ENTHRONEMENT CEREMONIES COMMENCING IN 707 IN THE REIGN OF EMPEROR GENMEI.
Takamikura
WHICH HAS A CYPRESS-WOOD ROOF, AND IS SUPPORTED BY FOUR UNPAINTED WOODEN PILLARS. THIS GATE WOULD HAVE BEEN USED ON THE RARE OCCASIONS OF THE EMPEROR WELCOMING A FOREIGN DIPLOMAT OR DIGNITARY, AS WELL AS FOR MANY OTHER IMPORTANT STATE CEREMONIES
Kenreimon
A SMALLER GATE ON THE WEST SIDE OF THE MAIN COURTYARD
Gekkamon
It is a special building designed for holding Japanese Tea Ceremonies. It is built using simple rustic materials and is usually surrounded by a small garden called roji.
Japanese Tea House
It is a material where Japanese Tea House floors are covered
Tatami Mat
Waiting room in the Japanese Tea House where guests are received and offered sayu (hot water) by the hanto (assistant)
Machiai
Small garden in the Japanese Tea House where guests remove the dust of the world
Roji
Waiting bench in the Japanese Tea House where the guest wait for their host
Koshikake
Were constructed on tops of mountains where they were protected by the rough terrain as well as the reluctance of Japanese to attack the habitat of spirits associated with nature.
Mountain Top Castle
Built on a hill or high plateau in the middle of a lord’s domain, included residences for the lord and his chief retainers.
Flat-land Mountains/ Hirayamajiro
Were erected on plains where surrounding castle towns could be built to serve as administrative centers.
Hirajiro
Jut out into a body of water. Several, such as azuchi castle, built by Oda Nobunaga in1579, were built around Lake Biwa, the largest ,lake in Japan.
Water Castle
