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HOATOA Correl > Chinese Architecture > Flashcards

Chinese Architecture Flashcards

1
Q
  • Planning and drawing for the city
  • Imperial gardens and royal graves
    were constructed
A

Xia, Shang, Zhou

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2
Q

Construction of Great Wall

A

Han

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3
Q

Multi-storied wood towers

A

Han

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4
Q

Application of bricks and stone arches

A

Han

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5
Q

Roads and irrigations were constructed

A

Han

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6
Q

Technique in timber structure was developed (pillar-beam system)

A

Han

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7
Q

Development of literati garden

A

Wei, Jin

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8
Q

Development of high-rise timber frame

A

Wei, Jin

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9
Q

Application of bricks became popular

A

Sui, Tang

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10
Q

Earliest big open shoulder arch stone bridge

A

Sui, Tang

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11
Q

Use of ancient Chinese architectural codes

A

Song

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12
Q

Formal archiectural; drawings

A

Song

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13
Q

Use of “cai” or building standards

A

cai

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14
Q

Street lane system of city planning

A

Yuan

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15
Q

Public and private garden

A

Yuan

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16
Q

Buddhist temples and Islamic mosques-

A

Yuan

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17
Q

large scale architecture

A

Ming and Qing

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18
Q

Construction of the Forbidden

City

A

Ming and Qing

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19
Q

Use of architectural specifications

A

Ming and Qing

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20
Q

Increased production of glazed tiles

A

Ming and Qing

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21
Q

Five Main Characteristics of Chinese Architecture

A
  1. Unity of structures with architectural art
  2. Good anti-seismic function
  3. High degree of standardization
  4. Bright colors
  5. Arrangement of buildings
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22
Q

Structural Concept of Chinese Architecture

A
  • Using even numbers of column
  • Top load is transferred to foundation through wooden frames
  • Walls bear no load
  • Flexible placement of walls,
    windows and doors
  • Gabled roofs
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23
Q

Two kinds of building systems

A
  • Chuandou (for south)

- Tailang (for north)

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24
Q

Notable feature of Chuandou

A

extended beams

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25
Q

Used for wealthy families. BRACES THE UPWARD

LIFT OFTHE HEAVY EAVES

A

Corbelled Brackets

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26
Q

Main Types of Roofs in Chinese Architecture

A
  1. Straight Inclined
  2. Multi-inclined
  3. Sweeping
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27
Q

Building Materials in Roofs for Chinese Architecture

A
  1. Clay (Common Material)

2. Thatch and Bamboo (poor people)

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28
Q

Most common Material used for Chinese Architecture

A

Earth

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29
Q

round houses made of earth of Hakkas Nationality

A

Tulou

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30
Q

Its features are:
mausoleum
- highest architectural techniques
• palaces

A

Imperial Architecture

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31
Q

Hall

A

Dian

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32
Q

Grand Hall

A

Dadian

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33
Q

Central Hall

A

Zhengdian

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34
Q

symbolic supreme power of the emperor
• ridges are decorated with wenshou or zoomorphic ornaments
• the emperor’s throne At the center

A

Hall (Dian)

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35
Q

means also a kiosk
• wood or stone or bamboo
• no walls

A

Pavillion (Ting)

36
Q

wayside pavilion (purpose)

A

liangting (cooling desk)

37
Q

stele pavilion (purpose)

A

protect the engraved record of an important event

38
Q

Other uses of Pavilion

A

storage of important articles documents.

39
Q

offer sacrifices to Heaven or the gods

- terrace-like building

A

Altar (Tan)

40
Q

Altar to the Earth

A

Ditan

41
Q

the Circular Mound Altar

A

Huanqiutan

42
Q

roofed walk with

low railings or long side benches

A

Covered Corridor

43
Q

-corridor that links two or more buildings

A

Youlang

44
Q

-the zigzag corridor

A

qulang

45
Q

the winding corridor

A

huilang

46
Q

corridor for the display of potted flowers

A

hualang

47
Q

borders on lakes or goes over ponds

A

shuilang

48
Q

gates used by the emperor have 9*9 or 81 studs

A

Studs

49
Q

zaojing, means “aquatic plants” (zao) and “well”
(jing)
- usually in the form of a sunken coffer

A

Caisson Ceiling

50
Q

Ornamental Pillar

A

Huabiao

51
Q

looking out for the emperor’s return

• facing south

A

wangjungui

52
Q

looking out for emperor’s progress

• facing north

A

wangjunchu

53
Q

offices in front, living quarters at the back; ancestors on the left and gods on the right

A

The Forbidden City

54
Q

largest structure

in the Forbidden City

A

The Hall of Supreme Harmony (Taihedian)

55
Q

Hall of Imperial Peace (Qinandian) as its center

A

The Imperial Garden

56
Q

a library built in the style of a pavilion

A

Chamber of Character Cultivation (Yangxingzhai),

57
Q

the famous thirteen-story palace, It is 117.19 meters tall and 360 in length. The inside of the palace was built with timber and outside was covered with granites.

A

Potala Palace

58
Q

Features of Buddhist Architecture

A
  • temple, pagoda and grotto
  • follows symmetric style strictly
  • main buildings on the central axis
59
Q 
RELIGIOUS PURPOSES
• USED TO HOUSE SACRED OBJECTS
• TIERED TOWER WITH MULTIPLE EAVES
• BUDDHIST
• PATRONS DONATED PAGODAS FOR THE BETTERMENT OF THEIR FUTURE PROSPECTS
A

Pagoda

60
Q

the earliest Buddhism pagoda in China, as well as

• the only duodanary-plane pagoda • fifteen storeys

A

Sputa in Song Yuesi Temple, Kaifeng

61
Q

palace for oblation and sacrifice, altars,

residences and gardens

A

Taoist Architecture

62
Q
  • HOUSES DIFFER FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER

- USUALLY FACING SOUTH

A

Commoner Architecture

63
Q

usually has its main or only entrance gate built at the southeastern corner

A

Siheyuan (Quadrangle)

64
Q

two storeys with roof-tips pointing to sky

A

Local-style dwelling houses in Anhui

65
Q

Screen Wall

A

Yingbi

66
Q
  • WOODEN FRAMEWORK DETERMINE THE SIZE OF THE HOUSE

Chinese houses almost always consist of an odd number of bays

A

Bays

67
Q
  • FULLY ENCLOSED BY BUILDINGS & WALLS

- NO OPENING ON THE OUTSIDE WALLS

A

Courtyard

68
Q

SIZES OF COURTYARDS VARY DEPENDING ON THE __________ OF THE FAMILY -COMPOUNDS HAD INNER COURTYARD
- BUILT ON _____ AXIS

A
  • wealth, size and taste

- north-south

69
Q

new courtyards could be added creating a multi- courtyard dwelling
- Doorways to the east or west could open into a garden.

A

Two-courtyard House

70
Q
  • started in 1409 and ended with the fall of the Ming Dynasty in 1644
  • 200 years tombs were built over an area of 40 square kilometers
A

Ming Tombs

71
Q
  • tomb of Emperor Wanli

- central chamber where the sacrifical utensils are on display

A

Dingling

72
Q

Main feature of Chinese Gardens

A

Chinese combination of structures and man- made landscape within natural scenery

73
Q

Three Categories of Chinese Gardens

A
  • Monastery gardens
    • Imperial parks and gardens
    • Private gardens
74
Q
  • the gardens tend to be formal in design close to the buildings.
  • The less formal gardens are for strolling, meditating and reading
A

Monastery Gardens

75
Q
  • the large park, usually with a lake and islands

* the smaller more intimate garden closer to the palace buildings

A

Imperial Gardens

76
Q

A design theme common to most private gardens is that of personal scholarship, whether for spiritual, moral or intellectual development.

A

Scholar Gardens

77
Q

multistory buildings

A

Lou

78
Q

terraces

A

Tai

79
Q

chinese pavilions

A

Ting

80
Q

two-story pavilions

A

Ge

81
Q

chinese pagodas

A

Ta

82
Q

doomed or coffered ceiling

A

Caisson

83
Q

verandas with windows

A

Xuan

84
Q

pavilions or houses on terraces

A

Xie

85
Q

rooms along roofed corridors

A

Wu

86
Q

interlocking wooden brackets

A

Dougong

HOATOA Correl (19 decks)

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