Chinese Architecture Flashcards
1
Q
- Planning and drawing for the city
- Imperial gardens and royal graves
were constructed
A
Xia, Shang, Zhou
2
Q
Construction of Great Wall
A
Han
3
Q
Multi-storied wood towers
A
Han
4
Q
Application of bricks and stone arches
A
Han
5
Q
Roads and irrigations were constructed
A
Han
6
Q
Technique in timber structure was developed (pillar-beam system)
A
Han
7
Q
Development of literati garden
A
Wei, Jin
8
Q
Development of high-rise timber frame
A
Wei, Jin
9
Q
Application of bricks became popular
A
Sui, Tang
10
Q
Earliest big open shoulder arch stone bridge
A
Sui, Tang
11
Q
Use of ancient Chinese architectural codes
A
Song
12
Q
Formal archiectural; drawings
A
Song
13
Q
Use of “cai” or building standards
A
cai
14
Q
Street lane system of city planning
A
Yuan
15
Q
Public and private garden
A
Yuan
16
Q
Buddhist temples and Islamic mosques-
A
Yuan
17
Q
large scale architecture
A
Ming and Qing
18
Q
Construction of the Forbidden
City
A
Ming and Qing
19
Q
Use of architectural specifications
A
Ming and Qing
20
Q
Increased production of glazed tiles
A
Ming and Qing
21
Q
Five Main Characteristics of Chinese Architecture
A
- Unity of structures with architectural art
- Good anti-seismic function
- High degree of standardization
- Bright colors
- Arrangement of buildings
22
Q
Structural Concept of Chinese Architecture
A
- Using even numbers of column
- Top load is transferred to foundation through wooden frames
- Walls bear no load
- Flexible placement of walls,
windows and doors - Gabled roofs
23
Q
Two kinds of building systems
A
- Chuandou (for south)
- Tailang (for north)
24
Q
Notable feature of Chuandou
A
extended beams
25
Used for wealthy families. BRACES THE UPWARD
| LIFT OFTHE HEAVY EAVES
Corbelled Brackets
26
Main Types of Roofs in Chinese Architecture
1. Straight Inclined
2. Multi-inclined
3. Sweeping
27
Building Materials in Roofs for Chinese Architecture
1. Clay (Common Material)
| 2. Thatch and Bamboo (poor people)
28
Most common Material used for Chinese Architecture
Earth
29
round houses made of earth of Hakkas Nationality
Tulou
30
Its features are:
mausoleum
- highest architectural techniques
• palaces
Imperial Architecture
31
Hall
Dian
32
Grand Hall
Dadian
33
Central Hall
Zhengdian
34
symbolic supreme power of the emperor
• ridges are decorated with wenshou or zoomorphic ornaments
• the emperor's throne At the center
Hall (Dian)
35
means also a kiosk
• wood or stone or bamboo
• no walls
Pavillion (Ting)
36
wayside pavilion (purpose)
liangting (cooling desk)
37
stele pavilion (purpose)
protect the engraved record of an important event
38
Other uses of Pavilion
storage of important articles documents.
39
offer sacrifices to Heaven or the gods
| - terrace-like building
Altar (Tan)
40
Altar to the Earth
Ditan
41
the Circular Mound Altar
Huanqiutan
42
roofed walk with
| low railings or long side benches
Covered Corridor
43
-corridor that links two or more buildings
Youlang
44
-the zigzag corridor
qulang
45
the winding corridor
huilang
46
corridor for the display of potted flowers
hualang
47
borders on lakes or goes over ponds
shuilang
48
gates used by the emperor have 9*9 or 81 studs
Studs
49
zaojing, means "aquatic plants" (zao) and "well"
(jing)
- usually in the form of a sunken coffer
Caisson Ceiling
50
Ornamental Pillar
Huabiao
51
looking out for the emperor's return
| • facing south
wangjungui
52
looking out for emperor's progress
| • facing north
wangjunchu
53
offices in front, living quarters at the back; ancestors on the left and gods on the right
The Forbidden City
54
largest structure
| in the Forbidden City
The Hall of Supreme Harmony (Taihedian)
55
Hall of Imperial Peace (Qinandian) as its center
The Imperial Garden
56
a library built in the style of a pavilion
Chamber of Character Cultivation (Yangxingzhai),
57
the famous thirteen-story palace, It is 117.19 meters tall and 360 in length. The inside of the palace was built with timber and outside was covered with granites.
Potala Palace
58
Features of Buddhist Architecture
- temple, pagoda and grotto
- follows symmetric style strictly
- main buildings on the central axis
59
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RELIGIOUS PURPOSES
• USED TO HOUSE SACRED OBJECTS
• TIERED TOWER WITH MULTIPLE EAVES
• BUDDHIST
• PATRONS DONATED PAGODAS FOR THE BETTERMENT OF THEIR FUTURE PROSPECTS
```
Pagoda
60
the earliest Buddhism pagoda in China, as well as
| • the only duodanary-plane pagoda • fifteen storeys
Sputa in Song Yuesi Temple, Kaifeng
61
palace for oblation and sacrifice, altars,
| residences and gardens
Taoist Architecture
62
- HOUSES DIFFER FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER
| - USUALLY FACING SOUTH
Commoner Architecture
63
usually has its main or only entrance gate built at the southeastern corner
Siheyuan (Quadrangle)
64
two storeys with roof-tips pointing to sky
Local-style dwelling houses in Anhui
65
Screen Wall
Yingbi
66
- WOODEN FRAMEWORK DETERMINE THE SIZE OF THE HOUSE
| Chinese houses almost always consist of an odd number of bays
Bays
67
- FULLY ENCLOSED BY BUILDINGS & WALLS
| - NO OPENING ON THE OUTSIDE WALLS
Courtyard
68
SIZES OF COURTYARDS VARY DEPENDING ON THE __________ OF THE FAMILY -COMPOUNDS HAD INNER COURTYARD
- BUILT ON _____ AXIS
- wealth, size and taste
| - north-south
69
new courtyards could be added creating a multi- courtyard dwelling
- Doorways to the east or west could open into a garden.
Two-courtyard House
70
- started in 1409 and ended with the fall of the Ming Dynasty in 1644
- 200 years tombs were built over an area of 40 square kilometers
Ming Tombs
71
- tomb of Emperor Wanli
| - central chamber where the sacrifical utensils are on display
Dingling
72
Main feature of Chinese Gardens
Chinese combination of structures and man- made landscape within natural scenery
73
Three Categories of Chinese Gardens
- Monastery gardens
• Imperial parks and gardens
• Private gardens
74
- the gardens tend to be formal in design close to the buildings.
- The less formal gardens are for strolling, meditating and reading
Monastery Gardens
75
* the large park, usually with a lake and islands
| * the smaller more intimate garden closer to the palace buildings
Imperial Gardens
76
A design theme common to most private gardens is that of personal scholarship, whether for spiritual, moral or intellectual development.
Scholar Gardens
77
multistory buildings
Lou
78
terraces
Tai
79
chinese pavilions
Ting
80
two-story pavilions
Ge
81
chinese pagodas
Ta
82
doomed or coffered ceiling
Caisson
83
verandas with windows
Xuan
84
pavilions or houses on terraces
Xie
85
rooms along roofed corridors
Wu
86
interlocking wooden brackets
Dougong
