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Bloc D - Renal > Jan8 M3-Renal Anatomy > Flashcards

Jan8 M3-Renal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

space in which the kidneys are and main substance surrounding them

A

retroperitoneal. fat

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2
Q

2 muscles behind the kidney and relative position

A

psoas and quadratus lumborum. psoas is more interior and anterior

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3
Q

kidney surroundings anterior to posterior

A

peritoneum, renal fascia, fat, kidney, fat, psoas, quadratus lumborum

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4
Q

kidney dimensions

A

10 cm vertical
5 cm horizontal
2.5 cm to the back

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5
Q

kidney on what spinal levels

A

t12 to l3

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6
Q

kidneys 2 surfaces and which one is attached

A

concave (interior one. cave where things go in and out) is attached. convex (capsule)

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7
Q

kidneys: which one is lower

A

right kidney is lower because of the liver

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8
Q

renal fascia encloses what

A

kidneys and adrenal glands

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9
Q

name of the fat outside renal capsule but inside renal fascia

A

perirenal fat

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10
Q

name of the fat outside the renal fascia

A

pararenal fat

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11
Q

what part of the kidney has fat in it and how to see it

A

hilum. if cut kidney in half, see holes with fat in them

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12
Q

name of the space filled with fat that is in the hilum and def of this space

A

renal sinus: space inside the hilum

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13
Q

renal pyramids: other hame for that and name of the apex of the pyramid

A

8-12. apex = renal papilla

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14
Q

renal columns definition

A

extensions of the cortex into the medulla between the renal pyramids

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15
Q

other name for renal capsule

A

fibrous capsule (or fibrous membrane)

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16
Q

medullary rays def

A

extensions of the medulla going in the cortex

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17
Q

way of urine after CD

A

minor calix - major calix - pelvis - ureter - bladder

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18
Q

each medullary pyramid (and papilla) has its _______

A

minor calix

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19
Q

how many major calices and how they are formed

A

3, merging of minor calices

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20
Q

adrenal (suprarenal) glands shape + position relative to diaphragm

A

right: pyramid
left: crescent
anterior to the diaphragm

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21
Q

what is in front of the right adrenal gland (right adrenal gland is posterior to ______)

A

right lobe of the liver

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22
Q

the right adrenal gland extends medially behind the __________

A

IVC

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23
Q

left adrenal gland is behind the ________ and the _____

A

stomach and pancreas

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24
Q

the IVC is to the _____ of the aorta

A

right

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25
Q

the renal veins drein into what

A

IVC

26
Q

renal arteries originate from what

A

abdominal aorta

27
Q

which kidney has shorter renal vein

A

right kidney because on same side as IV

28
Q

superior mesenteric artery function

A

feeds all intestines

29
Q

superior mesenteric artery position relative to left renal vein and aorta

A

anterior to the aorta, and passes anteriorly to the left renal vein

30
Q

renal vein position relative to superior mesenteric artery and aorta

A

always posterior to the superior mesenteric artery. usually anterior to the aorta but sometimes posterior

31
Q

2 types of end arteries and def

A

anatomic (true) end arteries: no anastomoses

functional end artery: ineffectual anastomoses

32
Q

what type of arteries are the renal arteries

A

functional end arteries

33
Q

functional end arteries found in what organs

A

brain, liver, kidneys, spleen, intestines, heart

34
Q

right renal artery position relative to the IVC

A

posterior to the IVC

35
Q

superior mesenteric artery comes from where

A

abdominal aorta

36
Q

3 major vessels innervating the abdomen

A

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric

37
Q

3 sources of blood supply to the adrenal glands and what they become

A
  • inferior phrenic artery: right and left superior suprarenal arteries
  • aorta: right and left middle suprarenal arteries
  • renal artery: right and left inferior suprarenal arteries
38
Q

venous drainage from the adrenals

A

left and right suprarenal veins drain in the left and right renal veins

39
Q

where ureters take their blood from and why

A

from any vessel that goes by. need blood because are muscular

40
Q

how ureters take blood going to the kidney

A

ureteric branches of the right and left renal arteries

41
Q

ureters surrounded by what

A

retroperitoneal muscular ducts (25-30 cm long)

42
Q

ureters crossed anteriorly by what (what passes in front of them)

A

gonadal vessels

43
Q

at the level of the pelvis (when they enter the pelvis), the ureters are at the same level as ___________

A

the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries

44
Q

3 places where the ureters are constricted (potential site for obstruction by stones)

A
  • renal pelvis and ureter junction
  • ureters cross the pelvic brim (brim of the pelvic inlet)
  • ureters enter bladder
45
Q

ureters first run posterior to ________ and then anterior to _____ and then posterior to _____

A
  • (left or right) the gonadal vessels
  • (left or right) common ileac artery
  • (left or right) vas deferens (in males)
46
Q

name of the hole where uterers open in the bladder

A

ureteric orifice

47
Q

name of the bulging in the bladder and why exists

A

uvula of the bladder. because of the middle lobe of the prostate

48
Q

muscle in wall of the bladder

A

detrusor muscle

49
Q

name of hole where bladder empties in urethra

A

urethral orifice

50
Q

name of the structure above the uvula of the bladder

A

trigone

51
Q

name of the line that connects the two ureters

A

interureteric ridge

52
Q

name of the back side of the bladder

A

base of the bladder

53
Q

two parts of the prostate (not lobes)

A

base at top and tip at the bottom

54
Q

name of the part of the bladder that sits on the prostate

A

neck of the bladder

55
Q

what sits on both sides of the bladder near the prostate

A

the seminal vesicles

56
Q

the bladder is behind the ________ (usual anatomical landmark)

A

pubic symphysis (a joint)

57
Q

what is posterior to the prostate

A

rectum

58
Q

rectal exam can check for what

A

cancerous growth in the prostate

59
Q

what is behind the bladder in females

A

the cervix

60
Q

what is behind the urethra in females

A

the vagina

Bloc D - Renal (32 decks)

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