Jan8 M3-Renal Anatomy

Question 1

space in which the kidneys are and main substance surrounding them

Answer 1

retroperitoneal. fat

Question 2

2 muscles behind the kidney and relative position

Answer 2

psoas and quadratus lumborum. psoas is more interior and anterior

Question 3

kidney surroundings anterior to posterior

Answer 3

peritoneum, renal fascia, fat, kidney, fat, psoas, quadratus lumborum

Question 4

kidney dimensions

Answer 4

10 cm vertical
5 cm horizontal
2.5 cm to the back

Question 5

kidney on what spinal levels

Answer 5

t12 to l3

Question 6

kidneys 2 surfaces and which one is attached

Answer 6

concave (interior one. cave where things go in and out) is attached. convex (capsule)

Question 7

kidneys: which one is lower

Answer 7

right kidney is lower because of the liver

Question 8

renal fascia encloses what

Answer 8

kidneys and adrenal glands

Question 9

name of the fat outside renal capsule but inside renal fascia

Answer 9

perirenal fat

Question 10

name of the fat outside the renal fascia

Answer 10

pararenal fat

Question 11

what part of the kidney has fat in it and how to see it

Answer 11

hilum. if cut kidney in half, see holes with fat in them

Question 12

name of the space filled with fat that is in the hilum and def of this space

Answer 12

renal sinus: space inside the hilum

Question 13

renal pyramids: other hame for that and name of the apex of the pyramid

Answer 13

8-12. apex = renal papilla

Question 14

renal columns definition

Answer 14

extensions of the cortex into the medulla between the renal pyramids

Question 15

other name for renal capsule

Answer 15

fibrous capsule (or fibrous membrane)

Question 16

medullary rays def

Answer 16

extensions of the medulla going in the cortex

Question 17

way of urine after CD

Answer 17

minor calix - major calix - pelvis - ureter - bladder

Question 18

each medullary pyramid (and papilla) has its _______

Answer 18

minor calix

Question 19

how many major calices and how they are formed

Answer 19

3, merging of minor calices

Question 20

adrenal (suprarenal) glands shape + position relative to diaphragm

Answer 20

right: pyramid
left: crescent
anterior to the diaphragm

Question 21

what is in front of the right adrenal gland (right adrenal gland is posterior to ______)

Answer 21

right lobe of the liver

Question 22

the right adrenal gland extends medially behind the __________

Answer 22

IVC

Question 23

left adrenal gland is behind the ________ and the _____

Answer 23

stomach and pancreas

Question 24

the IVC is to the _____ of the aorta

Answer 24

right

Question 25

the renal veins drein into what

Answer 25

IVC

Question 26

renal arteries originate from what

Answer 26

abdominal aorta

Question 27

which kidney has shorter renal vein

Answer 27

right kidney because on same side as IV

Question 28

superior mesenteric artery function

Answer 28

feeds all intestines

Question 29

superior mesenteric artery position relative to left renal vein and aorta

Answer 29

anterior to the aorta, and passes anteriorly to the left renal vein

Question 30

renal vein position relative to superior mesenteric artery and aorta

Answer 30

always posterior to the superior mesenteric artery. usually anterior to the aorta but sometimes posterior

Question 31

2 types of end arteries and def

Answer 31

anatomic (true) end arteries: no anastomoses | functional end artery: ineffectual anastomoses

Question 32

what type of arteries are the renal arteries

Answer 32

functional end arteries

Question 33

functional end arteries found in what organs

Answer 33

brain, liver, kidneys, spleen, intestines, heart

Question 34

right renal artery position relative to the IVC

Answer 34

posterior to the IVC

Question 35

superior mesenteric artery comes from where

Answer 35

abdominal aorta

Question 36

3 major vessels innervating the abdomen

Answer 36

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric

Question 37

3 sources of blood supply to the adrenal glands and what they become

Answer 37

- inferior phrenic artery: right and left superior suprarenal arteries - aorta: right and left middle suprarenal arteries - renal artery: right and left inferior suprarenal arteries

Question 38

venous drainage from the adrenals

Answer 38

left and right suprarenal veins drain in the left and right renal veins

Question 39

where ureters take their blood from and why

Answer 39

from any vessel that goes by. need blood because are muscular

Question 40

how ureters take blood going to the kidney

Answer 40

ureteric branches of the right and left renal arteries

Question 41

ureters surrounded by what

Answer 41

retroperitoneal muscular ducts (25-30 cm long)

Question 42

ureters crossed anteriorly by what (what passes in front of them)

Answer 42

gonadal vessels

Question 43

at the level of the pelvis (when they enter the pelvis), the ureters are at the same level as ___________

Answer 43

the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries

Question 44

3 places where the ureters are constricted (potential site for obstruction by stones)

Answer 44

- renal pelvis and ureter junction - ureters cross the pelvic brim (brim of the pelvic inlet) - ureters enter bladder

Question 45

ureters first run posterior to ________ and then anterior to _____ and then posterior to _____

Answer 45

- (left or right) the gonadal vessels - (left or right) common ileac artery - (left or right) vas deferens (in males)

Question 46

name of the hole where uterers open in the bladder

Answer 46

ureteric orifice

Question 47

name of the bulging in the bladder and why exists

Answer 47

uvula of the bladder. because of the middle lobe of the prostate

Question 48

muscle in wall of the bladder

Answer 48

detrusor muscle

Question 49

name of hole where bladder empties in urethra

Answer 49

urethral orifice

Question 50

name of the structure above the uvula of the bladder

Answer 50

trigone

Question 51

name of the line that connects the two ureters

Answer 51

interureteric ridge

Question 52

name of the back side of the bladder

Answer 52

base of the bladder

Question 53

two parts of the prostate (not lobes)

Answer 53

base at top and tip at the bottom

Question 54

name of the part of the bladder that sits on the prostate

Answer 54

neck of the bladder

Question 55

what sits on both sides of the bladder near the prostate

Answer 55

the seminal vesicles

Question 56

the bladder is behind the ________ (usual anatomical landmark)

Answer 56

pubic symphysis (a joint)

Question 57

what is posterior to the prostate

Answer 57

rectum

Question 58

rectal exam can check for what

Answer 58

cancerous growth in the prostate

Question 59

what is behind the bladder in females

Answer 59

the cervix

Question 60

what is behind the urethra in females

Answer 60

the vagina