Jan8 M3-Renal Anatomy Flashcards
space in which the kidneys are and main substance surrounding them
retroperitoneal. fat
2 muscles behind the kidney and relative position
psoas and quadratus lumborum. psoas is more interior and anterior
kidney surroundings anterior to posterior
peritoneum, renal fascia, fat, kidney, fat, psoas, quadratus lumborum
kidney dimensions
10 cm vertical
5 cm horizontal
2.5 cm to the back
kidney on what spinal levels
t12 to l3
kidneys 2 surfaces and which one is attached
concave (interior one. cave where things go in and out) is attached. convex (capsule)
kidneys: which one is lower
right kidney is lower because of the liver
renal fascia encloses what
kidneys and adrenal glands
name of the fat outside renal capsule but inside renal fascia
perirenal fat
name of the fat outside the renal fascia
pararenal fat
what part of the kidney has fat in it and how to see it
hilum. if cut kidney in half, see holes with fat in them
name of the space filled with fat that is in the hilum and def of this space
renal sinus: space inside the hilum
renal pyramids: other hame for that and name of the apex of the pyramid
8-12. apex = renal papilla
renal columns definition
extensions of the cortex into the medulla between the renal pyramids
other name for renal capsule
fibrous capsule (or fibrous membrane)
medullary rays def
extensions of the medulla going in the cortex
way of urine after CD
minor calix - major calix - pelvis - ureter - bladder
each medullary pyramid (and papilla) has its _______
minor calix
how many major calices and how they are formed
3, merging of minor calices
adrenal (suprarenal) glands shape + position relative to diaphragm
right: pyramid
left: crescent
anterior to the diaphragm
what is in front of the right adrenal gland (right adrenal gland is posterior to ______)
right lobe of the liver
the right adrenal gland extends medially behind the __________
IVC
left adrenal gland is behind the ________ and the _____
stomach and pancreas
the IVC is to the _____ of the aorta
right
the renal veins drein into what
IVC
renal arteries originate from what
abdominal aorta
which kidney has shorter renal vein
right kidney because on same side as IV
superior mesenteric artery function
feeds all intestines
superior mesenteric artery position relative to left renal vein and aorta
anterior to the aorta, and passes anteriorly to the left renal vein
renal vein position relative to superior mesenteric artery and aorta
always posterior to the superior mesenteric artery. usually anterior to the aorta but sometimes posterior
2 types of end arteries and def
anatomic (true) end arteries: no anastomoses
functional end artery: ineffectual anastomoses
what type of arteries are the renal arteries
functional end arteries
functional end arteries found in what organs
brain, liver, kidneys, spleen, intestines, heart
right renal artery position relative to the IVC
posterior to the IVC
superior mesenteric artery comes from where
abdominal aorta
3 major vessels innervating the abdomen
celiac trunk, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric
3 sources of blood supply to the adrenal glands and what they become
- inferior phrenic artery: right and left superior suprarenal arteries
- aorta: right and left middle suprarenal arteries
- renal artery: right and left inferior suprarenal arteries
venous drainage from the adrenals
left and right suprarenal veins drain in the left and right renal veins
where ureters take their blood from and why
from any vessel that goes by. need blood because are muscular
how ureters take blood going to the kidney
ureteric branches of the right and left renal arteries
ureters surrounded by what
retroperitoneal muscular ducts (25-30 cm long)
ureters crossed anteriorly by what (what passes in front of them)
gonadal vessels
at the level of the pelvis (when they enter the pelvis), the ureters are at the same level as ___________
the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
3 places where the ureters are constricted (potential site for obstruction by stones)
- renal pelvis and ureter junction
- ureters cross the pelvic brim (brim of the pelvic inlet)
- ureters enter bladder
ureters first run posterior to ________ and then anterior to _____ and then posterior to _____
- (left or right) the gonadal vessels
- (left or right) common ileac artery
- (left or right) vas deferens (in males)
name of the hole where uterers open in the bladder
ureteric orifice
name of the bulging in the bladder and why exists
uvula of the bladder. because of the middle lobe of the prostate
muscle in wall of the bladder
detrusor muscle
name of hole where bladder empties in urethra
urethral orifice
name of the structure above the uvula of the bladder
trigone
name of the line that connects the two ureters
interureteric ridge
name of the back side of the bladder
base of the bladder
two parts of the prostate (not lobes)
base at top and tip at the bottom
name of the part of the bladder that sits on the prostate
neck of the bladder
what sits on both sides of the bladder near the prostate
the seminal vesicles
the bladder is behind the ________ (usual anatomical landmark)
pubic symphysis (a joint)
what is posterior to the prostate
rectum
rectal exam can check for what
cancerous growth in the prostate
what is behind the bladder in females
the cervix
what is behind the urethra in females
the vagina
