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Bloc D - Renal > Jan3 M3-Histology Urinary System > Flashcards

Jan3 M3-Histology Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

capsule around the kidney

A

tough layer of dense CT (fibrocytes and collagen)

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2
Q

cortex vs medulla appearance

A

cortex: grainy bc of glomeruli
medulla: striated and organized into lobules

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3
Q

imaginary line between cortex and medulla

A

corticomedullary junction

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4
Q

name of medullary lobules + orientation

A

medullary pyramides. face towards cortex. tip or papilla towards minor calices

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5
Q

name of structure between medullary pyramids

A

columns of Berlin

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6
Q

columns of Berlin def

A

cortical tissue (interlobar) and CT

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7
Q

area cribrosa def

A

area perforated by the tip of a pyramid where collecting ducts will end

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8
Q

spaces in which fluid goes after medullary pyramids (3)

A

minor calyx and then major calices (larger)

pelvis

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9
Q

renal corpuscle def

A

glomerulus + Bownman’s capsule

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10
Q

P in glom cap system and why

A

high P bc between two arterial systems

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11
Q

3 components of loop of Henle

A

thick descending, thin descending, thick ascending limbs

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12
Q

collecting tubule vs collecting duct

A 
tubule = in medulla
duct = in cortex. larger and more obvious
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13
Q

3 names for the region where CD opens (into minor calyx) = how large it is

A

tip of pyramid, papilla of pyramid, papillary ducts of Bellini. very large

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14
Q

name for the whole structure formed by the nephron + collecting tubules

A

uriniferous tubule

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15
Q

embryo sorigines of the uriniferous tubules and what structures each one gives

A 
metanephric blastema (or metanephric mesenchyme): corpuscule to DCT
ureteric bud: CTs and CDs
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16
Q

Bowman’s capsule 2 components and where they join

A

parietal layer: flat simple squamous epithelial
visceral layer: podocytes
join at vascular pole of the corpuscule

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17
Q

charact of podocytes

A

have processes that interdigitate

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18
Q

where capsular space opens into PCT

A

at the urinary pole of the corpuscule

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19
Q

how many glom capillaries

A

5-6

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20
Q

special cells found in AA name + fct + type

A

juxtaglomerular cells, epithelial cells in the media (from transformed SM), secrete renin

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21
Q

normal shape of cells in the DCT and exception (near what 2 things and what cell type)

A

cuboidal. when DCT passes near vascular pole and the AFFERENT arteriole, epithelial transformation in columnal cells: macula densa

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22
Q

3 components of the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule

A

squamous cells, BM and reticular fibers

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23
Q

types of processes of podocytes

A

primary processes. secondary processes are called pedicels and pedicels of adjacent podocytes will interdigitate

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24
Q

glom capillaries: what type

A

fenestrated

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25
Q

glomerular BM (GBM) shared by what

A

endothelial cells (capillaries), pedicels and mesengial cells

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26
Q

mesengial cells where and functions

A

between glomerular capillaries, below the BM so don’t touch podocytes. recycle (eat) ECM

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27
Q

2 types of mesengial cells and location

A

intraglomerular (between glom caps below BM)

extraglomerular (between AA and EA)

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28
Q

do extra and intraglom cells connect? final structure is what

A

extraglomerular mesengial between AA and EA continuous with intraglomerular mesengial which touch the capillaries. BM separates all that from podocytes that are on other side.

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29
Q

filtration slit def

A

space between 2 pedicels where small diaphragm (similar to BM) is present

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30
Q

filtration slit size and what doesn’t pass

A

25 nm. negatively charged proteins and proteins greater than albumin (70 kDa) don’t pass

31
Q

2 functions of mesengial cells

A
  1. phagocytosis of particles, germs, ECM, BM and structural support of capillaries
  2. secrete cytokines
32
Q

medullary rays def

A

linear extension of the medulla into the cortex. small medullary portions that penetrate deep in the cortex

33
Q

area cribrosa def

A

area at tip of medullary pyramid where all openings of CDs are present

34
Q

minor calyx comes after what + 2 components of minor calyx

A

space after CDs. wall of minor calix and lumen of minor calix

35
Q

PCT diameter, cells type and staining

A

60 um. columnar. acidophilic.

36
Q

PCT cells 2 charact and purpose

A

microvilli (brush border) to increase abso on lumen side

folds of basolateral membrane with mts to provide energy for NaK pumps

37
Q

absorption mode in PCT other than channels

A

endocytosis of albumin and glucose

tight junctions too

38
Q

TDL charact

A

similar to PCT

39
Q

tDL diameter and cell type and what structure below the cells

A

12 um, flat simple squamous. rest on BM

40
Q

loop of Henle: what absorbs water

A

THIN descending limb only

41
Q

TAL charact

A

similar to DCT

42
Q

DCT diameter, cell type, stain, microvilli or not

A

60 um. cuboidal. less acidophilic (eosinophilic), few or no microvilli

43
Q

DCT what’s at the base

A

NaK ATPase under control of aldo

44
Q

DCT 2 functions

A
  1. abso Na and secrete K

2. abso bicarb and secrete H+

45
Q

nuclei location in PCT vs DCT

A

PCT: not close to apical plasma membrane
DCT: close to apical plasma membrane

46
Q

TDL location

A

medullary rays and upper part of medulla

47
Q

TDL cell type, stain, microvilli or not, histo look

A

columnar cells, acidophilic, microvilli, dirt in lumen on histo

48
Q

thin limb location and description

A

in medulla. is mainly descending (so TDL but has small ascending part)

49
Q

TAL location and cell type

A

medulla and medullary rays. cells are cuboidal and short

50
Q

TDL vs TAL nuclei location

A

TDL: not kissing apical membrane
TAL: kissing apical membrane

51
Q

collecting tubules location, stain and cell type

A

cortex and medullary rays. like DCT, don’t stain well with eosin. cuboidal cells

52
Q

CTs 3 characteristics to recognize them (and diff from DCT)

A
  1. visible lateral plasma membranes
  2. nuclei not kissing apical plasma membrane
  3. cells bulging into lumen
53
Q

CDs location

A

medulla

54
Q

CDs 2 charact + cell type

A
  1. prominent lumen
  2. visible lateral plasma membranes
    columnar cells
55
Q

what is found below all tubular cells and why

A

BM. (bc are epithelial cells)

56
Q

thing happening at CDs

A

site of ADH action, produced by pituitary gland

57
Q

summary of cell types in the tubules

A 
PCT: columnar
TDL: columnar
tL: squamous
TAL: cuboidal
DCT: cuboidal
CT: cuboidal
CD: columnar
58
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus components

A

macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells

59
Q

charact of juxtaglomerular cells

A

epihtelial-like, in media of AA, with large secretory granules

60
Q

renin what precise type of molecule

A

enzyme (not a hormone). is an endocrine secretion bc goes in blood. aspartyl peptidase

61
Q

renin function

A

removes some a.a from angiotensinogen (produced by the liver) to yield ATI (10 a.a)

62
Q

ACE function and location

A

surface of endothelial cells of lung capillaries. removes 2 a.a from AT1 to make AT2

63
Q

AT2 functions

A

contracts arterioles, increases BP, stimulates prod of aldosterone

64
Q

macula densa fct + how communicates with juxtaglomerular cells

A

detect Na conc in filtrate and produce NO to relax SM of AA

65
Q

arterial supply to the kidney until glomerulus

A

renal artery (hilum), interlobar arteries (between pyramids), arcuate artery (90 degree rotation to become horizontal at corticomedullary jct), lobular arteries (90 d rotation back up in the cortex, to the glomeruli), AA

66
Q

arterial supply to the kidney at and after the glomerulus

A

AA - glom caps - EA - peritubular capillaries or vasa recta

67
Q

peritubular capillaries function

A

produce EPO

68
Q

venous drainage in the kidney

A

capillary network under renal capsule + peritubular capillaries drain in stellate veins. lobular veins, arcuate vein (also receives from vasa recta), interlobar vein, renal vein, all that parallel to arterial system.

69
Q

name of glomeruli near corticomedullary junction and how they are different

A

juxtamedullary renal corpuscules. don’t form peritub capillaries but rather vasa recta: very long capillary

70
Q

vasa recta origin, location and where it drains

A

comes from EA of juxtamedullar corpuscules. parallel to the loop of Henle and drains in the arcuate vein (which travels parallel to the corticomedullary junction)

71
Q

vasa recta and loop of Henle function

A

countercurrent multiplier to make interstitium salty

72
Q

vasa recta on histology

A

in medulla, beside thin limb. appear pink on cross section, small, surrounded by endoth cells

73
Q

Addison Disease (or Chronic Adrenal Insufficiency) def

A

chronic endocrine disorder where not enough steroid hormones prod by adrnals (includes aldo so excessive loss of Na in urine + low BP)

Bloc D - Renal (32 decks)

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