Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bloc D - Renal > Jan3 M3-Histology Urinary System > Flashcards

Jan3 M3-Histology Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

capsule around the kidney

A

tough layer of dense CT (fibrocytes and collagen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cortex vs medulla appearance

A

cortex: grainy bc of glomeruli
medulla: striated and organized into lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

imaginary line between cortex and medulla

A

corticomedullary junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name of medullary lobules + orientation

A

medullary pyramides. face towards cortex. tip or papilla towards minor calices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name of structure between medullary pyramids

A

columns of Berlin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

columns of Berlin def

A

cortical tissue (interlobar) and CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

area cribrosa def

A

area perforated by the tip of a pyramid where collecting ducts will end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

spaces in which fluid goes after medullary pyramids (3)

A

minor calyx and then major calices (larger)

pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

renal corpuscle def

A

glomerulus + Bownman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

P in glom cap system and why

A

high P bc between two arterial systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 components of loop of Henle

A

thick descending, thin descending, thick ascending limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

collecting tubule vs collecting duct

A 
tubule = in medulla
duct = in cortex. larger and more obvious
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 names for the region where CD opens (into minor calyx) = how large it is

A

tip of pyramid, papilla of pyramid, papillary ducts of Bellini. very large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name for the whole structure formed by the nephron + collecting tubules

A

uriniferous tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

embryo sorigines of the uriniferous tubules and what structures each one gives

A 
metanephric blastema (or metanephric mesenchyme): corpuscule to DCT
ureteric bud: CTs and CDs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bowman’s capsule 2 components and where they join

A

parietal layer: flat simple squamous epithelial
visceral layer: podocytes
join at vascular pole of the corpuscule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

charact of podocytes

A

have processes that interdigitate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where capsular space opens into PCT

A

at the urinary pole of the corpuscule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how many glom capillaries

A

5-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

special cells found in AA name + fct + type

A

juxtaglomerular cells, epithelial cells in the media (from transformed SM), secrete renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

normal shape of cells in the DCT and exception (near what 2 things and what cell type)

A

cuboidal. when DCT passes near vascular pole and the AFFERENT arteriole, epithelial transformation in columnal cells: macula densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 components of the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule

A

squamous cells, BM and reticular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

types of processes of podocytes

A

primary processes. secondary processes are called pedicels and pedicels of adjacent podocytes will interdigitate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

glom capillaries: what type

A

fenestrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
glomerular BM (GBM) shared by what
endothelial cells (capillaries), pedicels and mesengial cells
26
mesengial cells where and functions
between glomerular capillaries, below the BM so don't touch podocytes. recycle (eat) ECM
27
2 types of mesengial cells and location
intraglomerular (between glom caps below BM) | extraglomerular (between AA and EA)
28
do extra and intraglom cells connect? final structure is what
extraglomerular mesengial between AA and EA continuous with intraglomerular mesengial which touch the capillaries. BM separates all that from podocytes that are on other side.
29
filtration slit def
space between 2 pedicels where small diaphragm (similar to BM) is present
30
filtration slit size and what doesn't pass
25 nm. negatively charged proteins and proteins greater than albumin (70 kDa) don't pass
31
2 functions of mesengial cells
1. phagocytosis of particles, germs, ECM, BM and structural support of capillaries 2. secrete cytokines
32
medullary rays def
linear extension of the medulla into the cortex. small medullary portions that penetrate deep in the cortex
33
area cribrosa def
area at tip of medullary pyramid where all openings of CDs are present
34
minor calyx comes after what + 2 components of minor calyx
space after CDs. wall of minor calix and lumen of minor calix
35
PCT diameter, cells type and staining
60 um. columnar. acidophilic.
36
PCT cells 2 charact and purpose
microvilli (brush border) to increase abso on lumen side | folds of basolateral membrane with mts to provide energy for NaK pumps
37
absorption mode in PCT other than channels
endocytosis of albumin and glucose | tight junctions too
38
TDL charact
similar to PCT
39
tDL diameter and cell type and what structure below the cells
12 um, flat simple squamous. rest on BM
40
loop of Henle: what absorbs water
THIN descending limb only
41
TAL charact
similar to DCT
42
DCT diameter, cell type, stain, microvilli or not
60 um. cuboidal. less acidophilic (eosinophilic), few or no microvilli
43
DCT what's at the base
NaK ATPase under control of aldo
44
DCT 2 functions
1. abso Na and secrete K | 2. abso bicarb and secrete H+
45
nuclei location in PCT vs DCT
PCT: not close to apical plasma membrane DCT: close to apical plasma membrane
46
TDL location
medullary rays and upper part of medulla
47
TDL cell type, stain, microvilli or not, histo look
columnar cells, acidophilic, microvilli, dirt in lumen on histo
48
thin limb location and description
in medulla. is mainly descending (so TDL but has small ascending part)
49
TAL location and cell type
medulla and medullary rays. cells are cuboidal and short
50
TDL vs TAL nuclei location
TDL: not kissing apical membrane TAL: kissing apical membrane
51
collecting tubules location, stain and cell type
cortex and medullary rays. like DCT, don't stain well with eosin. cuboidal cells
52
CTs 3 characteristics to recognize them (and diff from DCT)
1. visible lateral plasma membranes 2. nuclei not kissing apical plasma membrane 3. cells bulging into lumen
53
CDs location
medulla
54
CDs 2 charact + cell type
1. prominent lumen 2. visible lateral plasma membranes columnar cells
55
what is found below all tubular cells and why
BM. (bc are epithelial cells)
56
thing happening at CDs
site of ADH action, produced by pituitary gland
57
summary of cell types in the tubules
``` PCT: columnar TDL: columnar tL: squamous TAL: cuboidal DCT: cuboidal CT: cuboidal CD: columnar ```
58
juxtaglomerular apparatus components
macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells
59
charact of juxtaglomerular cells
epihtelial-like, in media of AA, with large secretory granules
60
renin what precise type of molecule
enzyme (not a hormone). is an endocrine secretion bc goes in blood. aspartyl peptidase
61
renin function
removes some a.a from angiotensinogen (produced by the liver) to yield ATI (10 a.a)
62
ACE function and location
surface of endothelial cells of lung capillaries. removes 2 a.a from AT1 to make AT2
63
AT2 functions
contracts arterioles, increases BP, stimulates prod of aldosterone
64
macula densa fct + how communicates with juxtaglomerular cells
detect Na conc in filtrate and produce NO to relax SM of AA
65
arterial supply to the kidney until glomerulus
renal artery (hilum), interlobar arteries (between pyramids), arcuate artery (90 degree rotation to become horizontal at corticomedullary jct), lobular arteries (90 d rotation back up in the cortex, to the glomeruli), AA
66
arterial supply to the kidney at and after the glomerulus
AA - glom caps - EA - peritubular capillaries or vasa recta
67
peritubular capillaries function
produce EPO
68
venous drainage in the kidney
capillary network under renal capsule + peritubular capillaries drain in stellate veins. lobular veins, arcuate vein (also receives from vasa recta), interlobar vein, renal vein, all that parallel to arterial system.
69
name of glomeruli near corticomedullary junction and how they are different
juxtamedullary renal corpuscules. don't form peritub capillaries but rather vasa recta: very long capillary
70
vasa recta origin, location and where it drains
comes from EA of juxtamedullar corpuscules. parallel to the loop of Henle and drains in the arcuate vein (which travels parallel to the corticomedullary junction)
71
vasa recta and loop of Henle function
countercurrent multiplier to make interstitium salty
72
vasa recta on histology
in medulla, beside thin limb. appear pink on cross section, small, surrounded by endoth cells
73
Addison Disease (or Chronic Adrenal Insufficiency) def
chronic endocrine disorder where not enough steroid hormones prod by adrnals (includes aldo so excessive loss of Na in urine + low BP)

Bloc D - Renal (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions