Jan 29 - Respiration Muscles Flashcards
Where are the lungs located?
in the thorax on either side of the heart
What are the ling composed of?
spongy tissue filled with alveoli, which sites for gas exchange.
Which side of the lungs contain the middle lobe?
the heart is on the left side so the middle lobe is on the right side for space.
what is the pleura?
the lungs are encased in double-layered membrane called the pleurs
what is the inner and outer layer of the pleura
the inner layer (visceral pleura) adhere to the lungs; the outer layer (parietal pleura) lines the chest wall.
what is in between the layer of the pleura?
the pleura space between these layers contains pleural fluid, allowing the lungs to move smoothly during breathing
can you think of an advantage of having pleura instead of a rigid connection between the lungs and the ribcage?
the pleura allows us to breathe in many different postures and to be flexible while we breathe
what does the trachea do in the breathing process?
the trachea is the main airway leading to the lungs, branching into the left and right bronchi.
what are the trachea and main bronchus made of?
cartlidges
what are the bronchus made of?
bronchioles (smaller branches of bronchi; smooth muscles)
what are alveolar ducts?
even smaller tubes than bronchioles
what are alveolar sacs?
at the end of alveolar ducts; cluster of alveoli
what are alveoli
- are tiny air sacs within the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.
- approximately 300 million alveoli in the lungs increase the surface area for gas exchange.
what drives the action of breathing?
Primarily the diaphragm and secondly the intercostal muscles.
what is the shape of the disphram?
a dome/ parachute; it is hollow
what is the diaphram made of and how does the diaphragm contract/ exands in terms of shape
diaphragm is not all muscles, it contains the central tendon, a tough, flat sheet of tendon at the fore of the diaphragm.
- the dome or parachute flattens out and contracts, and them it domes more when its expands.
what is the function of the central tendon?
- transmits the force generated by the diaphragm’s muscular contractions
- enables the diaphragm to flatten and move downward during inhalation.
- all muscles are too squishy it is easier to stabilize the muscle (structural support) movements with something harder.
what do the intercostal muscles do?
They are accessory muscles that support the diaphragm during careful or deep inhalation.
What do external intercostal muscles do in inhalation?
They contract to elevate the ribs, expanding the chest wall and further increase thoracic volume.
What do sternocleidomastoid muscles do in inhalation?
raise the sternum, contributing to the increase in thoracic volume.
what are the 3 layers of the intercostal muscles?
-External intercostals, internal intercostals and innermost intercostals
how does exhalation happen in quiet breathing?
It involves the relaxation of the diaphram and the elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, the decrease in thoracic cavity volume causes an increase in pressure, expelling aire from the lungs.
How do we exhale during active exhalation (excercise or forceful breathing?)
- Abdominal muscles contract to increase intra-abdominal pressure pushing the diaphragm up reducing thoracic volume.
- Internal intercostal muscles contract: pull the ribs down to further decrease the thoracic cavity volume.w
where is the rectus abdominis
along the front of the abdomen.
where is the external abdominal oblique?
on the side and front of the abdomen
where is the transverse abdominis located
inder the obliques, it is the deepest of the abdominal muscles and wraps around your spine for protection and stability.
use of muscle/activation of muscle always means
contraction, muscles do not expand, they contract or relax.
where are the internal abdominal oblique
located under the external obliques, running in opposite directions.
