J- Historical Figures Flashcards
Kevin Lynch
Urban planner from New England
1950s and 1960s
Book: Image of the City
Way finding
Christopher Wren
British
Design st. Paul’s cathedral 1710
52 London church
Christopher Alexander
California 1970s
Book: A Pattern Language
Regular people to design their own homes
Jane Jacobs
Writer activist
1950s and 60s New York City
Book: The Death and Life of Great American Cities
Abolish zoning laws and restore free market. Natural surveillance of people in their neighborhood
Camillo Sitte
Late 1800s Europe
Book: City planning according to artistic principles
Quality of urban space is more important than architectural forms
Baron Haussmann
Paris mid 1800s
Modernize Paris under Napoleon III
boulevards and military movement
Tony Garnier
Leon France 1920s
Book: Cite Industrial
Response to industrial revolution
City function zoned 4 categories:
Leisure, industry, work, transportation
No churches or government buildings so man can rule himself
Sir Ebenezer Howard
Writer 1910s London
Book: Garden cities of tomorrow
Suburban towns, surrounded by belts of agriculture connected by ring of rail transportation surrounding a large central city
Pierre Charles L’Enfant
Late 1700s New York
Baroque Washington DC plans
Daniel Burnham
Early 1900s Chicago
Director of Columbian Expo
Skyscrapers: Masonic Temple building Flat iron building Union station DC Monadnock, reliance building, rookery offices
William LeBaron Jenny
Late 1800s Chicago
Designed the home insurance building
First fully metal framed building
8 stories
Clarence Stein
Early 1900s New York
Garden city movement USA
With Henry right designed Rayburn, New Jersey
Superblock layout with total separation automobile/pedestrian
Lewis Mumford
Historian 1950s New York
Human language and symbols
Medieval city is ideal urban plan
Frederick Law Olmsted
Landscape architect
late 1800s New York City
Central park & Prospect Park
Clarence Perry
Planner 1920s New York City
Book: The Neighborhood Theory
Self-contained neighborhoods in industrial cities
Arterial streets perimeter of neighborhood
Patrick Geddes
Late 1800s France
Concept of region
Residents are more important than Rich
Le Corbusier
1910 to 1950 France
Functionality without ornamentation Five points of architecture: Pilotis Free façade Open plan Ribbon windows Roof garden
The modular
Based on:
The human body
The golden ratio
Fibonacci numbers
And the double unit
Louis Sullivan
Late 1800s Chicago
Father of modern skyscraper
Mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright
Early 1900s Chicago
The Prairie school
Structures built in harmony with humanity and its environment
Buckminster Fuller
Mid 1900s LA
Geodesic dome
Walter Gropius
1910s - 1950s Germany/Boston
Bauhaus school
International style
Gesamtkunstwerk
Ludwig Hilbersimer
1920s to 1950s Germany/Chicago
Book: City Plan
street hierarchy, safety for children
The new town center
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
1920s to 1950s Germany/Chicago
Charles McKim
Late 1800s Germany/Boston
Beaux-Arts architecture to America:
Boston public library
Penn station
New York Herald building
Philip Johnson
1940s to 2000 New England
Glasshouse
Seagram building
