IWRBS Flashcards
The Latin word “Religio” refers
to “Something done with over
anxious or scrupulous attention
to detail”
religion
to bring together or to tie together
religare
to rehearse painstakingly, as in the case of
collective rituals
relegere
It was used to designate formal
belief systems and tenets.
religion
English anthropologist, founding figure of the
science of social anthropology
EDWARD BURNETT TAYLOR
The belief in spiritual beings
EDWARD BURNETT TAYLOR
Scottish social anthropologist.
One of the founding figures of
modern anthropology
JAMES GEORGE FRAZER
A propitiation or conciliation of
powers superior to man which
are believed to control and
direct the course of nature and
of human life
JAMES GEORGE FRAZER
An eminent 20th century
Polish anthropologist
BRONISLAW KASPER MALINOWSKI
A body of self-contained acts
being themselves, the fulfilment
of their purpose; an affair of all,
in which everyone takes
BRONISLAW KASPER MALINOWSKI
French sociologist; father of
sociology
DAVID EMILE DURKHEIM
A unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things
DAVID EMILE DURKHEIM
Religion is a human invention that centers
on specific rituals and a set of stories that
outline a basic moral code and belief
system.
The Spiritual’s View
-Religion to the outsider, the defining characteristics of religion would be its rituals.
- Every religion asks certain things to its followers.
- It may be praying at certain times of the day or of the week.
The Outsider’s View
-Religion is a social force for unity within a group.
-A religion is often referred to as a community of believers.
-Most religions have charitable arms that distribute food and clothing to needy parishioners.
The Sociologist View
a philosophical worldview in which all of reality can be reduced to one thing. opposed to dualism and pluralism
monoism
is the belief in and worship of many gods
polytheism
religions that believe in one god
christianity, judaism, and islam
is the denial of or lack of belief in the existence of god
atheism
Primitive people in soul or anima found in
people(seen in dreams)and in all nature.
Since spirits could be helpful or harmful to
human being, early people had to pray to
these spirits, offer sacrifices, and appease or
avoid them.
EDWARD BURNETT TYLOR (ANIMISTIC THEORY)
He found out that the Melanesians people
believed in mana, a mysterious force that
inhabited all of nature. All early people began
their religion in cognizance of such force; the
destructiveness of the mana can be avoided by establishing taboos.
ROBERT HENRY CORDRINGTON (ANIMISTIC THEORY)
Human beings first developed their religion from their observations of the forces of nature.
Early people became aware of the regularity of the seasons, tides and the phases of the moon, and began personalizing them by giving them names, describing their activities with tales that transformed into mythology.
Primitive people identified the forces in nature, personified them, created myths, and developed religions around them.
NATURE-WORSHIP THEORY
pantheon of ancient tagalog gods
bathala
amanikable
idiyanale
mayari
hanan
apolaki
dumangan
ikapati
anitun tabu
anagulay
mangkukulam
mapulon
galang kaluluwa
durnakulem
mangangaway
sitan
dian masalanta
ulilang kaluluwa
In Australia and Africa basic culture held a common belief in a distant high God That originally there had been one great God above all others, and that he may have been the creator of the world or the father of the many lesser deities
Primitive societies were originally monotheistic, but
because it was difficult to worship just one God, religion
was corrupted to polytheism
WILHELM SCHMIDT (THEORY OF
ORIGINAL MONOTHEISM)
