IVE - DNA

Question 1

DNA is a _____ (in reference to its structure)

Answer 1

polymer i.e. it is made up of smaller, joined together molecules called monomers

Question 2

What are the monomers in DNA called?

Answer 2

nucleotides

Question 3

small section of DNA?

Answer 3

chromosome

Question 4

small segment of chromosome?

Answer 4

gene

Question 5

a gene codes for a sequence of ________ ________

Answer 5

amino acids - form proteins

Question 6

DNA determines which type of _________ the cell it is in codes for, thus which types of cell it will be

Answer 6

protein - since the DNA is built of chromosomes, and genes, and each gene codes for a sequence of amino acids which form proteins

Question 7

Genome definition

Answer 7

entire set of genetic material in an organism

Question 8

Why was the discovery and construction of the human genome important

Answer 8

allows researchers to identify patterns in patients genes and predict the cause of inherited diseases.

Also beneficial for understanding the human evolutionary process and human migration journeys

Question 9

Which pair of chromosomes is the sex chromosomes?

Answer 9

23rd -
xx = female
xy = male

Question 10

DNA consists of two strands wrapped around each other known as the

Answer 10

double helix

Question 11

Every nucleotide has exactly the same _________ and _____ and a different ____- of the four

Answer 11

phosphate, sugar and base

Question 12

What is the structural framework of the DNA, the spine known as and why

Answer 12

phosphate sugar backbone

Each phosphate connects to a sugar and this repeats thousands of times in a single strand of DNA - this provides an outer casing for the bases

Question 13

The bases attach to each other across the

Answer 13

two strands - the double helix structure - and this is what holds the double helix together.

Question 14

Main uses of proteins

Answer 14

ENZYMES - biological catalyst

HORMONES

STRUCTURAL PROTEINS e.g. muscles

Question 15

How many types of Bases?

Answer 15

4 - therefore there are four different types of nucleotides in the DNA

Question 16

What are the four bases and which are complimentary?

Answer 16

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

A-T
C-G

We call this concept complimentary base pairing and it allows us to figure out what the complimentary sequence of a given strand of DNA would be

Question 17

A gene (in terms of bases)

Answer 17

a particular sequence of bases coded for a protein - a triplet of bases

Question 18

A triplet code (bases)

Answer 18

codes for a specific amino acid - a protein is made of a sequence of amino acids

Question 19

Gene =

Answer 19

segment of DNA that codes for a particular amino acid

Question 20

Allele =

Answer 20

different versions of a gene

because we have two copies of every gene, one from each parent, we have two alleles of each gene:

• can be the same allele - homozygous
• can be two different alleles - hererozygous

If an allele is dominant it is expressed in the phenotype as well as the genotypes

If an allele is recessive it is only expressed in the genotype and cannot be visually observed

Question 21

Genotype -

Answer 21

entire collection of alleles we have

Question 22

Phenotype -

Answer 22

the characteristics from genotype that are physically expressed