IVAP 1-2 Flashcards
Name 3 things that the integumentary system does
- Provide protection
- Regulate temperature
- Help produce vitamin D
Parts of the integumentary system (4)
- Hair
- Skin
- Nails
- Sweat glands
Name 4 things that the skeletal system does
- provides protection and support
- Allows body movements
- Produces blood cells
- Stores minerals and fats
What does the skeletal system consist of?
Bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints
Name 3 things that the muscular system does
- Produces body movements
- Maintains posture
- Produces body heat
What does the muscular system consist of?
Muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons
Name 4 things that the lymphatic system does
- Removes foreign substances from blood and lymph
- Combats disease
- Maintains tissue fluid balance
- Absorbs fat from digestive system
What does the lymphatic system consist of?
Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs such as the spleen, thymus, and tonsils
Name 2 things that the respiratory system does
- Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air
- Regulate blod ph
What does the respiratory system consist of?
Lungs, trachea, bronchi, larynx, pharynx, nose, and nasal cavity
Name 2 things that the digestive system does
- Performs mechanical and chemical digestion
- Absorbs nutrients
- Eliminates wastes
What does the digestive system consist of?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs
What are the accessory organs of the digestive sysem?
Liver, gallbladder, appendix, salivary glands, etc.
What does the nervous system consist of?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors
Name 2 things that the nervous system does
- Detects sensations
2. Controls movements, psychological processes, and intellectual functions
What does the endocrine system consist of?
Glands, such as the pituitary, that secretes hormones
Name 1 thing that the endocrine system does
Influences metabolism, growth, reproduction and has many other functions
Name 2 things that the cardiovascular system does
- Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body
- Plays a role in the immune response and regulation of body temperature
What does the cardiovascular system consist of?
Heart, blood vessels, and blood
Name 4 things that the female reproductive system, does
- Produce oocytes 2. Site of fertilization and fetal development 3. Produces milk for newborn 4. Produces hormones that influence sexual function and behavior
What are the parts of the female reproductive system?
Mammary glands, vagina, uterus, ovaries, and associated structures
Name 2 things that the male reproductive system does
- Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female 2. Produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors
What are the parts of the male reproductive system?
Testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis
What is the anatomical position?
- upright stance
- feet parallel and flat on the floor
- upper limbs at the sides of the body
- palms face anteriorly (toward the front)
- head is level
- eyes look forward
Supine
lying face upward
Prone
lying face downward
Superior is also known as
cephalic
superior/cephalic means
toward head
Inferior/caudil means
away from head
medial
close to midline
Lateral
away from midline
Proximal and distal are used to describe
linear structures
proximal
close
distal
far from
superficial
surface of body
deep
below surface of body
anterior is also known as
ventral
anterior/ventral
toward belly
Posterior is also known as
Dorsal
posterior means
toward back
In animals ventral is
belly
In animals dorsal is
back
In animals posterior is
toward tail
in animals anterior is
toward head
what is the main difference between animals and humans
our cranial is superior and caudal is inferior. Their cranial is anterior and their caudal is posterior
What are sections and planes used for
to examine internal anatomy and describe relative position of body parts
what is a plane?
imaginary flat surface passing through body
What is a section?
slice or cut along a plane to expose internal anatomy
what is a coronal plane?
Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior
what is the coronal plane aka
frontal
what is the midsaggital plane
vertical plane dividing the body into left and right equal halves
what is the sagittal plane?
Vertical plane dividing the body into left and right structures at any number of sites. Parallel to midsagittal
what is the oblique plane?
Pass through structures at any angle
What are the 2 cavities in the dorsal cavity?
Cranial and vertebral
what does the cranial cavity contain?
brain
what does the vertebral cavity contain?
spinal cord
what does the thoracic cavity contain?
heart and luncgs
What does the abdominal cavity contain?
digestive viscera
what does the pelvic cavity contain?
bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
what are the 2 parts of the ventral cavity?
thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
Posterior dorsal cavities contains cavities completely
encased in bone
what is another name for the cranial cavity?
endocardium
Which cavity does not completely encase organs in bone?
ventral cavity
what lines the ventral cavity?
serous membranes that are a continuous layer of cells
