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IVAP > IVAP 1-1 > Flashcards

IVAP 1-1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is morphology?

A

a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms, relationships in structures within a particular organism, as well as among organisms

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2
Q

what are the 5 types of morphology?

A 
Functional Morphology 
Evolutionary Morphology
Comparative Morphology
Experimental Morphology
Anatomy
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3
Q

What is functional morphology?

A

The study of the relationships btwn the structure of an organism and the function of the various part

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4
Q

Give examples of functional morphology

A

Oppositional thumb allows us to grasp things

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5
Q

What is comparative morphology?

A

Study of similarities and differences in the morphology of different species

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6
Q

what does comparative morphology analyze?

A

the patterns of structures within the body lab of an organism

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7
Q

what does comparative morphology form the basis of?

A

taxonomical categorization

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8
Q

what is evolutionary morphology?

A

A branch of biology investigating the evolution of organisms

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9
Q

what does evolutionary morphology credit species differentiation to?

A

common ancestor and natural selection

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10
Q

what are homologous structures?

A

structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor

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11
Q

What does evolutionary morphology use to map out relationships?

A

genetics

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12
Q

what is experimental morphology?

A

the study of external factors upon the morphology of organisms under experimental conditions

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13
Q

what is experimental morphology used for?

A

to provide data for consideration of problems dealing with the factors underlying normal structure and development

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14
Q

organisms used in experimental morphology

A

fruit flies and c elegans

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15
Q

what is anatomy>

A

Branch of morphology that deals with the structure of organisms

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16
Q

how is anatomy often revealed?

A

by dissection and the separation of parts

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17
Q

who were the 3 historical figures of evolution?

A

carolus Linnaeus, j-B de kamark and charles Darwin

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18
Q

What is carols linneaus known for?

A

He felt that species were fixed and unchangeable s is presented in the christian bible. He devised a system for naming plants and animals (modern taxonomy)

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19
Q

What is Jean Baptiste de Lamarck known for?

A

Inheritance of acquired characteristics-characteristics were acquired to meet new needs and then inherited by future generations

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20
Q

what were the issues with lamarcks idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics?

A
  1. argued that species change through time and arose from spontaneous generation 2. progressive change in species among an ascending sale of lowest to most complex 3. needs itself to produce heritable change
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21
Q

what is Charles Darwin known for?

A

origin of species

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22
Q

what observations of Charles Darwins lead to the origin of species?

A

striking differences in island animals that seemed to originate in mainland

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23
Q

what are 3 conditions in which evolution has effect?

A

high reproductive potential, competition, and natural selection

24
Q

describe competition in evolution

A

more offspring are produced than can srvive

25
Q

describe natural selection

A

survival of few because the population will accumulate the traits that will allow for successful competition

26
Q

What is George Cuvier known for?

A

French anatomist that Brough attention to the function that parts perform.

27
Q

what did George Cuvier believe?

A

for the entire organism(or machine) to perform properly, the parts must be harmonious

28
Q

Anatomy studies

A

the form and structure of the body

29
Q

physiology examines

A

how the body functions

30
Q

what would an anatomist do?

A

examine the relationship among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs

31
Q

what do physiologists do?

A

examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances and abnormal circumstances

32
Q

what are the 2 fields anatomy can be separated into?

A

microscopic and gross

33
Q

what is microscopic anatomy?

A

examines structures that cannot be observed by unaided eye

34
Q

what are the 2 main divisions of microscopic anatomy?

A

cytology and histology

35
Q

what is cytology?

A

the study of body cells and their internal structure ex. spinal tap

36
Q

what is histology?

A

the study of tissues such as cancer biopsy

37
Q

what is another name for gross anatomy?

A

macroscopic anatomy

38
Q

what is gross anatomy?

A

investigates structures visible to the unaided eye and specimens often dissected for examination

39
Q

what are the 3 different approaches of gross anatomy?

A

systemic, regional, and embryology

40
Q

what is systemic anatomy?

A

studies the anatomy of each functional body system

41
Q

what is regional anatomy?

A

examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body

42
Q

what is embryology ?

A

studies the developmental changes from conception to brith

43
Q

what do physiologists focus on?

A

the molecular or cellular level

44
Q

psychology focuses on

A

the body system

45
Q

what is cardiovascular physiology?

A

the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

46
Q

what is neurophysiology?

A

the functioning of the nerves and nervous system organs

47
Q

what is respiratory physiology?

A

the functioning or respiratory organs

48
Q

what is pathophysiology?

A

the relationship between the function of an organ system and a disease or injury to the system

49
Q

how do the lungs demonstrate the integration of A&P?

A

the small sacs of the lungs called alveoli have a structure (large surface area) that matches their function (gas exchange)

50
Q

Body levels of organization simple to complex

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

51
Q

describe chemical level

A

atoms combine to form molecules

52
Q

describe cellular level

A

molecules from organelles such as nucleus and mitochondria to make up cells

53
Q

describe tissue level

A

similar cells and surrounding materials Mae up tissues

54
Q

describe organ level

A

different tissues combine to form organs such as the urinary bladder

55
Q

describe organ system level

A

organs such as the urinary bladder and kidneys make up an organ system

56
Q

describe organism level

A

organ systems make up organism

IVAP (7 decks)

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