IV Therapy

Question 1

Isotonic Solutions

Answer 1

have same osmolality as body fluids

increase extracellular volume

Question 2

hypotonic solutions

Answer 2

more dilute solutions/ lower osmolality than body fluids
moves water INTO cells by osmosis

admin slow to prevent cellular edema

Question 3

hypertonic solutions

Answer 3

concentrated solutions/higher osmolality than body fluids

“packed with particles”
causes water to move OUT of cells and back into extracelluar space

Question 4

types of isotonic solutions

Answer 4

0.9% saline (NS)
5% dextrose in water (D5W)
lactated ringers

Question 5

types of hypotonic solutions

Answer 5

0. 45% NS (1/2NS)
1. 225% NS (1/4NS)
2. 33% NS (1/3 NS)

Question 6

types of hypertonic solutions

Answer 6

3% NS
5% NS
10$ dextrose in water (D10W)

Question 7

when to change iv filters

Answer 7

q24-72hrs

Question 8

air embolism

Answer 8

tachycardia
dyspnea
hypotension
cyanosis
decreased level of consciousness
loud churning sound over pericardium

prime tube with fluid before use

if air emobilism suspected, clamp tubing and turn client on the left side with the head of bed lowered/ trendelenburg to trap air in right atrium

Question 9

hematoma

Answer 9

collection of blood in tissues

Question 10

infiltration/extravasation

Answer 10

pain
edema
coolness

remove IV immed., elevate extremety and apply compress

Question 11

phlebitis

Answer 11

inflammation of vein

remove immed and restart in opp extremety
apply warm moist compress

Question 12

central venous cath

Answer 12

for insertion change and removal

trendelenburg and valsalva