IV FLUID Lecture

Question 1

Isotonic solutions

examples
uses
ALERT

Answer 1

go into space and stay

examples: NS, LR. D5W,D 5 1/4 NS

used for clients that has lost luids through N,V,Burns, sweating,trauma

DONT USE wth HTN,Cardiac disease or Renal disease bc
increase fluid volume and blood volume

Question 2

Hypotonic Solutions

examples
uses
ALERT

Answer 2

go into cells to replace celluar fluid
rehydrate but dont cause increased BP

Examples: D 2.5 W, 1/2NS 0..33%NS

used with client who has HTN, Renal, or cardiac disease and needs fluid replacement

watch for cellular edema/FVD, decreased BP

Question 3

Hypertonic solutions

examples
uses
ALERT

Answer 3

volume expander, goes into space from cell
packed with particles

examples: D10W, 3%NS, 5%NS, D5LR, TPN, Albumin, D5NS

used for client with hyponatremia or client with large shifts of vascular volumeto 3rd space, or server burns, edema, and acites

watch for FVE

monitir in ICU setting for BP, CVP, Pulse if receiving 3% or 5% NS

Question 4

infiltration

extravasation

Answer 4

seeping of fluid out of vein and into surrouding tissue

pain
edema
coolness
may or may not have blood return

Do not rub

elevate extremetiy and apply compress

Question 5

phlebitis

Answer 5

inflammation of the vein from trauma

heat
redness
tenderness
not swollen or hard

if occurs remove, notify, and restart in opp extremeuty
apply warm moist compress

Question 6

air embolism

Answer 6

tachycardia
dyspnea
hypotension
cyanosis
decreased LOC

prime tube before use

Question 7

Causes of HYPERmagnesemia

Answer 7

1) renal failure because excreted by kidneys

2) antacids contain alot of magnesium

Question 8

Signs and symptoms of HYPERmagnesmia

Answer 8

1) braycardia, hypotension, dysrhythmias
prolong PR interval
wide QRS
2) decreased or absent deep tendon relexes
3) weak and flaccid muscle tones
4) decreased LOC, drowsiness and lethargy
5) FLUSHING AND WARMTH

Mag makes you SLEEPY!

Question 9

Treatment of HYPERmagnesemia

Answer 9

monior cardio, resp, CNS, and neuomusculr status

ventilator

cardiac monitor

dialysis or diuretics to excrete Mg

IV calium gluconate or calcium chloride to reverse resp depression and arrythmias (PUSH SLOWLY)

restrict mg foods. avoid laxatives and antacids containing Mg

Question 10

causes of HYPOmagnesemia

Answer 10

vomit or diarrhea because lots of Mg in intestines

diuretics and ETOH because suppresses ADH and makes u diurese

insufficent intake (malnutrition, starvation, celiac and crohns)

Question 11

Signs of HYPOmagnesemia

Answer 11

think muscles 1st and not enough sedative

rigid tight mucsles, tetany
seizure precautions
stridor/laryngospasm
\+Chvostek ( cheek twitch when tapped)
\+trousseau (hand tremor with pumped up BP cuff)
arrythmias ( tall t, depressed ST)
irritable and confused
tachycardia, hypertension,

Question 12

Treatment of HYPOmagnesemia

Answer 12

monior vital status and place on cardiac monior
monior calcium levels too

Admin Mag sulfate IV and monitor levels for HYPERmagnesemia if recieving too much

seizure precautions

eat mg foods

Question 13

Causes of HYPERcalcemia

Answer 13

1) increased absorbtion (excessive intake of calcium or vitamin d)
2) decreased excretion ( renal failure, thiazides diuretics)
3) hyperparathyroidism, hyperthryoidism,
4) malignancy,
5) immmobility,

glucocorticoids)

Question 14

signs of HYPERcalcemia

Answer 14

Shortened S
Wide T wave
muscle weakness
diminished  deep tendon reflexes
renal calculi

Question 15

Treatment of HYPERcalcemia

Answer 15

MOVE!!! BEAR WEIGHT!
discontiue calcium IVs and thiazide diuretics

give phosphorus, calcitonin, phospho soda, fleet enema

monitor for stones ( flank/abdom. pain and strain urine)

avoid high Ca foods
eat phos foods (anything with protein)