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Nursing 201 > IV Therapy > Flashcards

IV Therapy Flashcards

IV solutions & types of catheters

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1
Q

What are the 4 main reasons for using IV therapy?

A
  1. maintain or correct fluid balance
  2. maintain or correct electrolyte, acid-base balance
  3. administer medications
  4. replace blood/blood products
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2
Q

How are solutions classified by?

A

its concentration (tonicity)

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3
Q

what is osmolarity?

A

concentration of dissolved particles (electrolytes)

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4
Q

What is the osmolarity of an isotonic solution?

A

270-300

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5
Q

What are the 3 most common isotonic solutions?

A

0.9 NaCl, lactated ringer, and D5W

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6
Q

What is someone on isotonic solution at risk for?

A

Fluid volume overload

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7
Q

What is the osmolarity of a hypertonic solution?

A

greater than 300

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8
Q

What 4 solutions are hypertonic?

A

TPN, D5 Normal Saline, D5 1/2 Normal Saline, D5 Lactated ringer

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9
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

1/2 NS (0.45% NaCl)

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10
Q

What is saline (0.9% NaCl) used for?

A

increasing circulating plasma volume when RBC are adequate

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11
Q

What is 1/2 NS (0.45% NaCl) used for?

A

to raise total fluid volume

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12
Q

What is lactated ringer used for?

A

replace fluid and buffer pH (contains K, Mg, CaCl)

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13
Q

what is D5W used for?

A

raise total fluid volume (also restore blood glucose levels and provide calories)

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14
Q

what is D5 NS used for?

A

replace fluid Na, Cl, and calories

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15
Q

what is D5 1/2 NS used for?

A

maintenance of body fluids, nutrition, or for rehydration

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16
Q

What is D5 LR used for?

A

replace fluid, buffer pH, and provide calories

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17
Q

What do you want to monitor the patient for when on D5 NS or D5 LR?

A

Fluid volume overload

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18
Q

D5 1/2 NS is a common ______________ fluid

A

postoperative

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19
Q

D5W is used to treat…

A

low blood sugar and insulin shock

20
Q

For a patient who has hypovolemia with hypernatremia, what IV solution would you give?

A

1/2 NS (0.45% NaCl)

21
Q

Where is a short peripheral catheter used?

A

Forearm (most common), hand, and very rarely the foot

22
Q

True or False: Blood flow is more rapid in a central catheter

A

True

23
Q

How do you prevent a CRBSI and CLABSI?

A
  1. Use CHG
  2. Scrub the hub for 15 seconds
  3. Cover before patient showers
  4. Use gloves
  5. Flush completely
24
Q

How many mL do you flush a peripheral catheter?

A

5 mL

25
Q

Where is a midline catheter inserted?

A

Upper arm

26
Q

What is a midline most used for?

A

Fluids & drug therapy (antibiotics) for greater than 6 days, up to 4 weeks

27
Q

Do meds have to be compatible in a double lumen midline?

A

Yes!!

28
Q

What is a short peripheral catheter most often used for?

A

Meds, fluid infusion, blood drawing

29
Q

What is a PICC used for?

A

antibiotics, chemotherapy, TPN (lengthy course)

30
Q

Where is a PICC inserted?

A

Antecubital fossa or middle of upper arm, tip in SVC and atria

31
Q

What complications can happen with a PICC?

A

Thrombophlebitis, DVT, CLABSI

32
Q

When assessing, what do you look for?

A
  • biopatch
  • dressing is occlusive
  • no pulling out or length of catheter visible
33
Q

Why would you not use a PICC on someone who is paraplegic?

A

They use upper arms a lot for mobility; muscle contraction from activity can cause dislodgement or lumen occlusion

34
Q

How many mL do you flush with a central line?

A

10 mL

35
Q

What is a non-tunneled central venous catheter used for?

A

Surgery, critical care, emergency, trauma

36
Q

Where is a non-tunneled catheter inserted?

A

upper chest, neck, or femoral vein (high infection risk)
goes in SVC, confirmed by CXR

37
Q

How many lumen can a non-tunneled catheter have?

A

1-5

38
Q

Why does a non-tunneled catheter put you at higher risk of infection?

A

the skin on neck and upper chest is warmer & moister

39
Q

Where is a tunneled catheter inserted?

A

upper chest
tunnel reduces risk of infection

40
Q

What is a tunneled central venous catheter used for?

A

IV therapy, frequent, long-term (TPN, cancer patients who cannot tolerate needle sticks w/ implanted port, paraplegic)

41
Q

What is an implanted port used for?

A

patients who require IV therapy for more than a year (chemo, blood transfusion, antibiotics)

42
Q

where is an implanted port inserted?

A

upper chest

43
Q

How does an implanted port work?

A

A subcutaneous pocket is crated to “hold” the port, so no part of the catheter is visible. it is accessed using a Huber needle

44
Q

What is deaccessing an implanted port?

A

Flushing after each use & at least once a month between courses of therapy. This will prevent a clot in the internal chamber of the port. no dressing is needed

45
Q

Which catheters are able to have a single, double, & triple lumen?

A

tunneled and PICC

Nursing 201 (6 decks)

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