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RAD613 > IV theory workshop > Flashcards

IV theory workshop Flashcards

1
Q

what are moles?

A

A mole is a standard quantity
short for 6.02 x10^23
or
the number of atoms in 12g of carbon 12

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2
Q

What number is avogadros constant?

A

6.02 x10^23

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3
Q

What can you measure solvent in?

A

weight or volume

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4
Q

What can you measure solutes in?

A

weight

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5
Q

what is it called when you add solutes to a solvent?

A

A solution

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6
Q

How can you measure concentration of a solution?

A

Lots of ways but main 2

  1. Moles of solute per volume of solution
  2. Moles of solute per weight of solvent
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7
Q

What is Molarity?

A

The number of moles of solute per Liter of solution.
Unit is M

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8
Q

What is Molality?

A

The number of moles of solute per Kg of solvent.
Unit is m

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9
Q

Molarity or Molality? for Moles/L

A

Molarity (M)

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10
Q

Molarity or Molality? for Moles / kg

A

Molality (m)

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11
Q

How to member the difference between Molality and molarity?

A

MolaRity = moles per LiteR

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12
Q

What is the osmotic pressure determined by?
what has no effect?

A

The number of particles in the solution

size, shape or charge has no effect

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13
Q

What do osmolarity and osmolality refer to?

A

The concentration of all the particles that contribute to osmotic pressure

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14
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

The measure of solute concentration per unit volume of solution
Unit = Osm/L

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15
Q

What is Osmolality?

A

The measure of solute concentration per unit mass of solvent.
Unit = Osm/kg

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16
Q

What is a common example of osmolarity?

A

volume of blood

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17
Q

Why is osmolality different from osmolarity?

A

Osmolality is more accurate and independent of pressure and temperature

18
Q

How is osmolarity calculated?

A

From the CMP - comprehensive metabolic panel

19
Q

How is osmolality measured?

A

measured with a osmometer which measures depression of freezing points

20
Q

what is the osmolarity calculation?

A

Osmolarity = osmolality x 0.995

21
Q

What is tonicity?

A

the measurement of the osmotic pressure gradient between 2 solutions

22
Q

Describe the Solutes in a hypertonic solution compared to the cell?

A

More solutes in the solution comparedto the cell

23
Q

Definition of hypertonic?

A

Higher strength

24
Q

Describe the Solutes in a hypotonic solution compared to the cell?

A

Less solutes in the solution compared to the cell

25
Q

Definition of hypotonic?

A

Lower strength

26
Q

Describe the Solutes in a isotonic solution compared to the cell

A

Equal number of solutes in the solution as the cell

27
Q

Definition of Isotonic?

A

same strength

28
Q

Where does water always move?

A

Water always follows the solute

29
Q

What happens to water in a hypertonic solution?

A

water moves out of the cell so it shrinks (crenate)

30
Q

What happens to water in a hypotonic solution?

A

Water moves into the cell so the cell swells or bursts (turgor or lysis)

31
Q

What happens to water is a isotonic solution?

A

No net movement so no change to the cell.

32
Q

What are bodily examples of hypertonic solutions?

A

pulmonary oedema
fluid overload

33
Q

What are bodily examples of hypertonic solutions?

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia

34
Q

When do we want to give patients isotonic solutions?

A

Dehydration , post-op, during hemorrhage and with D and V

35
Q

What does viscosity refer to?

A

To a substances resistance to flow

36
Q

What is low viscosity?

A

Little resistance to flow
flows quickly and easily

37
Q

What is high viscosity?

A

Strongly resists flow
flows very slowly

38
Q

What is an anaphylactoid?

A

The termanaphylactoidto describe a non-immune mediated reaction is no longer used. These reactions are described asnon-immunologic anaphylaxisand can still be life-threatening.

39
Q

What is IgE - mediated reaction?

A

This is the classic definition of anaphylaxis, where an allergen activates mast cells and basophils through IgE receptors

40
Q

What is an non-IgE mediated reaction

A

This pathway can cause symptoms similar to classic anaphylaxis, and can be triggered by a number of factors, including:
Antibodies against IgE or their receptors
Anaphylatoxins
G-coupled receptors
IgG antibodies that activate neutrophils
Inflammatory mediators like bradykinin or prostaglandin

41
Q

What are the key toxic effects that can be seen after giving IV contrast ?

A

vascular
soft tissue
cardio-vascular
hematological
nephro-toxicity
thryroid

RAD613 (3 decks)

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