IV theory workshop

Question 1

what are moles?

Answer 1

A mole is a standard quantity
short for 6.02 x10^23
or
the number of atoms in 12g of carbon 12

Question 2

What number is avogadros constant?

Answer 2

6.02 x10^23

Question 3

What can you measure solvent in?

Answer 3

weight or volume

Question 4

What can you measure solutes in?

Answer 4

weight

Question 5

what is it called when you add solutes to a solvent?

Answer 5

A solution

Question 6

How can you measure concentration of a solution?

Answer 6

Lots of ways but main 2

1. Moles of solute per volume of solution
2. Moles of solute per weight of solvent

Question 7

What is Molarity?

Answer 7

The number of moles of solute per Liter of solution.
Unit is M

Question 8

What is Molality?

Answer 8

The number of moles of solute per Kg of solvent.
Unit is m

Question 9

Molarity or Molality? for Moles/L

Answer 9

Molarity (M)

Question 10

Molarity or Molality? for Moles / kg

Answer 10

Molality (m)

Question 11

How to remember the difference between Molality and molarity?

Answer 11

MolaRity = moles per LiteR

Question 12

What is the osmotic pressure determined by?
what has no effect?

Answer 12

The number of particles in the solution

size, shape or charge has no effect

Question 13

What do osmolarity and osmolality refer to?

Answer 13

The concentration of all the particles that contribute to osmotic pressure

Question 14

What is osmolarity?

Answer 14

The measure of solute concentration per unit volume of solution
Unit = Osm/L

Question 15

What is Osmolality?

Answer 15

The measure of solute concentration per unit mass of solvent.
Unit = Osm/kg

Question 16

What is a common example of osmolarity?

Answer 16

volume of blood

Question 17

Why is osmolality different from osmolarity?

Answer 17

Osmolality is more accurate and independent of pressure and temperature

Question 18

How is osmolarity calculated?

Answer 18

From the CMP - comprehensive metabolic panel

Question 19

How is osmolality measured?

Answer 19

measured with a osmometer which measures depression of freezing points

Question 20

what is the osmolarity calculation?

Answer 20

Osmolarity = osmolality x 0.995

Question 21

What is tonicity?

Answer 21

the measurement of the osmotic pressure gradient between 2 solutions

Question 22

Describe the Solutes in a hypertonic solution compared to the cell?

Answer 22

More solutes in the solution comparedto the cell

Question 23

Definition of hypertonic?

Answer 23

Higher strength

Question 24

Describe the Solutes in a hypotonic solution compared to the cell?

Answer 24

Less solutes in the solution compared to the cell

Question 25

Definition of hypotonic?

Answer 25

Lower strength

Question 26

Describe the Solutes in a isotonic solution compared to the cell

Answer 26

Equal number of solutes in the solution as the cell

Question 27

Definition of Isotonic?

Answer 27

same strength

Question 28

Where does water always move?

Answer 28

Water always follows the solute

Question 29

What happens to water in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 29

water moves out of the cell so it shrinks (crenate)

Question 30

What happens to water in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 30

Water moves into the cell so the cell swells or bursts (turgor or lysis)

Question 31

What happens to water is a isotonic solution?

Answer 31

No net movement so no change to the cell.

Question 32

What are bodily examples of hypertonic solutions?

Answer 32

pulmonary oedema fluid overload

Question 33

What are bodily examples of hypertonic solutions?

Answer 33

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia

Question 34

When do we want to give patients isotonic solutions?

Answer 34

Dehydration , post-op, during hemorrhage and with D and V

Question 35

What does viscosity refer to?

Answer 35

To a substances resistance to flow

Question 36

What is low viscosity?

Answer 36

Little resistance to flow flows quickly and easily

Question 37

What is high viscosity?

Answer 37

Strongly resists flow flows very slowly

Question 38

What is an anaphylactoid?

Answer 38

The term anaphylactoid to describe a non-immune mediated reaction is no longer used. These reactions are described as non-immunologic anaphylaxis and can still be life-threatening.

Question 39

What is IgE - mediated reaction?

Answer 39

This is the classic definition of anaphylaxis, where an allergen activates mast cells and basophils through IgE receptors

Question 40

What is an non-IgE mediated reaction

Answer 40

This pathway can cause symptoms similar to classic anaphylaxis, and can be triggered by a number of factors, including: Antibodies against IgE or their receptors Anaphylatoxins G-coupled receptors IgG antibodies that activate neutrophils Inflammatory mediators like bradykinin or prostaglandin

Question 41

What are the key toxic effects that can be seen after giving IV contrast ?

Answer 41

vascular soft tissue cardio-vascular hematological nephro-toxicity thryroid