iv solutions Flashcards
What does IV stand for?
Intravenous
True or False: Isotonic solutions have the same osmolarity as blood plasma.
True
What is the primary use of Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)?
To restore fluid volume and maintain hydration.
Fill in the blank: D5W is a solution that contains _____ grams of dextrose per liter.
50
Which IV solution is commonly used for patients with hyponatremia?
Hypertonic Saline (3% NaCl)
What type of IV solution is Lactated Ringer’s?
Isotonic
True or False: Hypotonic solutions cause cells to shrink.
False
Which IV solution provides both hydration and calories?
Dextrose solutions (e.g., D5W)
What is a common complication of IV therapy?
Phlebitis
Multiple Choice: What is the primary reason for using hypotonic solutions?
A) Fluid replacement
B) Dehydration treatment
C) Cellular hydration
D) Electrolyte balance
C) Cellular hydration
What is the standard concentration of Dextrose in D5W?
5%
True or False: D5NS is a hypertonic solution.
True
Fill in the blank: IV solutions with a higher osmolarity than blood plasma are termed _____ solutions.
hypertonic
What is the primary purpose of administering IV potassium?
To treat or prevent hypokalemia.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT an isotonic solution?
A) D5W
B) Ringer’s Lactate
C) 0.9% NaCl
D) 0.45% NaCl
D) 0.45% NaCl
What is the maximum rate for administering potassium IV?
10 mEq/hour without cardiac monitoring.
True or False: IV solutions are only used for hydration.
False
What is the primary use of Colloids in IV therapy?
To expand plasma volume.
Fill in the blank: The primary electrolyte in Normal Saline is _____ .
Sodium
Which IV solution is best for a patient with severe burns?
Lactated Ringer’s
What is a sign of fluid overload in a patient receiving IV fluids?
Edema or shortness of breath.
True or False: D10W contains 10% dextrose.
True
Multiple Choice: What type of IV solution would be used for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis?
A) Isotonic solution
B) Hypertonic solution
C) Hypotonic solution
D) Dextrose solution
A) Isotonic solution
What is the function of sodium in IV solutions?
To maintain fluid balance and osmotic pressure.
Fill in the blank: _____ is a common isotonic IV fluid used for resuscitation.
Normal Saline
True or False: Colloids are larger molecules that remain in the vascular space.
True
What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia in patients receiving IV fluids?
Renal failure.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following IV solutions should be avoided in patients with heart failure?
A) D5W
B) Normal Saline
C) Lactated Ringer’s
D) D5NS
B) Normal Saline
What is the primary risk associated with administering hypertonic saline?
Cellular dehydration.
What is an ostomy?
An ostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening (stoma) from an internal organ to the outside of the body.
True or False: An ileostomy diverts waste from the small intestine.
True
What is the primary reason for performing an ostomy in patients with colorectal cancer?
To divert fecal matter away from the affected area and allow for healing or removal of diseased tissue.
Fill in the blank: The three main types of ostomies are __________, __________, and __________.
ileostomy, colostomy, urostomy
What is a colostomy?
A colostomy is a surgical procedure that brings one end of the colon out through the abdominal wall to create a stoma.
Which type of ostomy is typically performed for patients with rectal cancer?
Abdominal perineal resection leading to a permanent colostomy.
True or False: A patient with an ileostomy can have a normal bowel movement.
False
What are common complications associated with ostomy surgery?
Complications can include stoma prolapse, retraction, skin irritation, and obstruction.
What should a nurse assess when caring for a patient with a new ostomy?
The stoma’s color, size, surrounding skin integrity, and output characteristics.
Multiple Choice: What is the ideal color of a healthy stoma?
A) Pink to red
Fill in the blank: Patients with an ostomy should be educated on __________ care and management.
stoma
What dietary changes might a patient with an ileostomy need to make?
They may need to avoid high-fiber foods initially and stay hydrated to prevent dehydration.
True or False: Patients with a colostomy can typically eat a normal diet without restrictions.
True
What is the purpose of a pouching system for ostomy patients?
To collect waste from the stoma and protect the skin around the stoma.
Short Answer: What is one benefit of a temporary ostomy?
It allows the bowel to heal after surgery before normal function is restored.
What is stoma care?
Stoma care involves cleaning the stoma, applying a barrier, and changing the pouch as needed.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a sign of stoma complications?
C) Healthy pink color
True or False: Ostomy patients need to be monitored for dehydration due to changes in bowel habits.
True
What is the role of a wound, ostomy, and continence nurse (WOCN)?
To provide specialized care and education for patients with ostomies.
Fill in the blank: Ostomy patients should be taught to recognize signs of __________.
infection
What is one psychological impact of living with an ostomy?
Patients may experience anxiety or depression regarding body image and lifestyle changes.
Multiple Choice: What is a common emotional reaction for patients post-ostomy surgery?
B) Feelings of loss or grief
Short Answer: What is the importance of community support for ostomy patients?
It provides emotional support and practical advice from others who have similar experiences.
What is the purpose of preoperative education for patients undergoing ostomy surgery?
To prepare patients for the procedure, address concerns, and teach them about postoperative care.
True or False: Ostomy reversal is always possible after surgery.
False
What factors determine whether an ostomy can be reversed?
The type of surgery, reason for the ostomy, and patient health status.
What type of stoma requires the most frequent pouch changes?
Ileostomy, due to more liquid output.
Multiple Choice: What is a major concern for patients with a new ostomy?
A) Managing odor
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the stoma that protrudes from the abdominal wall.
stoma
Short Answer: Why is hydration particularly important for patients with an ileostomy?
Because they are at higher risk for dehydration due to more liquid stool output.
