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nurs 216 > IV fluids and hypertension > Flashcards

IV fluids and hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

what category do lactated ringers fit in to

A

isotonic;
may cause hyperkalemia
not good for kids because of high lactate and electrolytes

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2
Q

what category does NS (0.9%) fit in to

A

isotonic; resuscitation fluid #1 choice
may cause hypokalemia

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3
Q

what category does 5% albumin fit in to

A

isotonic; colloid
- become hypertonic in body

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4
Q

what category does dextran 40 fit in to

A

isotonic; colloid
become hypertonic in body

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5
Q

what category does D5NS fit in to

A

hypertonic
- treats hyponatremia

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6
Q

what category does D5LR fit in to

A

hypertonic

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7
Q

what category does D10W fit in to

A

hypertonic

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8
Q

what category does D5 0.45% NaCl (D5 1/2 NS) fit in to

A

hypertonic in bag
- hypotonic or isotonic in body
- may cause hyponatremia
- 1st choice for pediatric maintenance fluid

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9
Q

what category does 3% NaCl fit in to

A

hypertonic
- treats head injury to lower ICP

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10
Q

what category does 25% albumin fit in to

A

hypertonic; colloid
- choice for low volume in resuscitation
- IV volume expander

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11
Q

what category does 0.45%NaCl fit in to

A

hypotonic

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12
Q

what category does D5W fit in to

A

hypotonic

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13
Q

what category does 3.3% dextrose, 0.3% sodium fit in to

A

hypotonic

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14
Q

what category does D5 0.2% NaCl fit in to

A

hypotonic

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15
Q

what does Kayexalate (PO, NG) treat

A

hyperkalemia
- binds to K in intestines

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16
Q

what does KCL (IV, PO) treat

A

hypokalemia

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17
Q

what does an increase in osmolality reflect

A

dehydration

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18
Q

what does a decrease is osmolality reflect

A

overhydration

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19
Q

normal amount of urine per hour

A

0.5 ml/kg/hr

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20
Q

IV placement locations

A

external jugular, median antebrachial, median cubital, ulnar

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21
Q

BMR

A

10 calories/lb

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22
Q

causes absorption of sodium and excretion of potassium

A

aldosterone
- fluid retention

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23
Q

decreases amount of urine produced and amount water released

A

ADH

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24
Q

causes vasoconstriction

A

renin

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25
Q

increases blood pressure through arteriole wall vasoconstriction

A

angiotensin II

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26
Q

MAP

A

70-100 mm Hg

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27
Q

CPP

A

55-60 mmHg

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28
Q

ICP

A

5-15 mmHg

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29
Q

capillary pressure at arteriole

A

35mmHg

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30
Q

CHP

A

35-18 mmHg

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31
Q

venous pressure

A

18 mmHg

32
Q

SBP>135

A

hypertension

33
Q

essential (idiopathic) hypertension

A

age

34
Q

secondary hypertension

A

organ disease and preeclampsia

35
Q

sudden onset hypertension

A

malignant (SBP>180)
- direct acting vasodilators

36
Q

Nipride (IV, ET), Hydralazine (IV, PO) (t1/2=2 min)

A

direct acting vasodilators

37
Q

direct acting vasodilators

A

ACH stimulates cell produced nitric oxide
- tachycardia, hypotension

38
Q

decrease blood volume

A

diuretics

39
Q

decrease CO

A

calcium channel blockers

40
Q

decrease CO and vasoconstriction

A

adrenergic antagonists

41
Q

“ide”

A

loop diuretic

42
Q

loop diuretics

A

block absorption of electrolytes; loop of henle

43
Q

furosemide

A

loop diuretic,1st line for hypertension, potent, IV/PO, hypokalemia, ototoxicity, PPB

44
Q

“thiazide”

A

thiazide

45
Q

thiazides

A

decrease reabsorption of electrolytes; distal convoluted tube

46
Q

HZTZ, chlorothiazide metolazone

A

thiazide diuretic, hypokalemia

47
Q

potassium sparing diuretic

A

antagonize aldosterone, push Na out and keep K in; collecting distal tubule

48
Q

spironolactone (aldactone)

A

potassium sparing diuretic, hyperkalemia

49
Q

aldactazide

A

thiazide and potassium sparing

50
Q

osmotic diuretic

A

pull water into circulation and inhibit renin release

51
Q

mannitol (osmitrol), isosorbide

A

osmotic diuretic

52
Q

“pril”

A

ACE inhibitors

53
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

inhibit ACE and vasodilate

54
Q

enalapril, captopril, monopril, ramipril

A

ACE inhibitors, potent, hypotension

55
Q

“tan”

A

ARB

56
Q

ARB

A

angiotensin receptors antagonized and decrease preload and afterload

57
Q

Losartan (cozaar), Irbesartan (avapro)

A

ARB, hypotension

58
Q

hyzaar, cosart

A

thiazide and ARB

59
Q

“ipine”

A

calcium channel blocker for smooth muscle

60
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

inhibit Ca which causes muscle relaxation

61
Q

Nifedipine, amlodipine

A

calcium channel blocker for smooth muscle

62
Q

verapamil, diltiazem

A

calcium channel blocker for cardiac muscle

63
Q

adrenergic antagonists

A

antagonize SNS to decrease catecholamine activity

64
Q

prazosin

A

alpha 1 blocker which causes vasodilation and urinary incontinence

65
Q

phentolamine

A

alpha 1 and 2 blocker which causes vasodilation, urinary incontinence, diarrhea

66
Q

atenolol

A

beta 1 blocker which causes decreased heart rate

67
Q

propranolol, metoprolol

A

beta 1 and 2 blocker which causes decreased heart rate, vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, decreased liver breakdown

68
Q

lopressor HCT

A

thiazide and adrenergic antagonist

69
Q

centrally acting alpha 2 agonists

A

decrease norepinephrine and sympathetic tone

70
Q

clonidine, methyldopa

A

centrally acting alpha 2 agonists, hypotension

71
Q

water maintenance amount

A

35ml/kg/day

72
Q

glucose maintenance amount

A

50-100g/day

73
Q

electrolytes

A

nerve conduction, membrane permeability, water balance

74
Q

hyponatremia

A

treat with D5NS

75
Q

hypernatremia

A

diuretics or low Na fluid

76
Q

age hypertension

A

increased PVR, decreased renal blood flow and baroreceptor sensitivity
- side effect is orthostatic hypotension

nurs 216 (8 decks)

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