anti-infectives

Question 1

T cells, B cells, NK cells, plasma cells

Answer 1

lymphocytes

Question 2

eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, macrophage

Answer 2

WBC

Question 3

allergic response cells

Answer 3

eosinophil, basophil

Question 4

T cell

Answer 4

lymphocyte, come from thymus, have memory, help B cells

Question 5

B cell

Answer 5

come from bone marrow, have specific immunity, create antibodies, memory, and plasma cells

Question 6

plasma cells

Answer 6

come from B cells, have memory

Question 7

neutrophil

Answer 7

highest amount of WBC
- 1st to site of damage
- called band cells when immature

Question 8

band cells

Answer 8

immature neutrophils

Question 9

monocytes

Answer 9

become macrophages
- specific to tissue

Question 10

eosinophils

Answer 10

allergy response, release enzymes and chemicals

Question 11

basophils

Answer 11

allergy response, pro-inflammatory, anticoagulating

Question 12

2 mechanisms of entry for infection

Answer 12

strength in numbers, toxin production

Question 13

viral infections

Answer 13

more contagious than bacterial, prevention through immunization, antiviral for symptom management

Question 14

antivirals

Answer 14

decrease virus, do not eliminate

Question 15

bacterial infections

Answer 15

less contagious, treat with antibiotics

Question 16

botulism

Answer 16

gram positive, anaerobic, can get from uncooked meat

Question 17

botulism treatment

Answer 17

antitoxin HBAT
- prevention through sodium and nitrates

Question 18

culture tests

Answer 18

tells us which antibiotics to use or are resistant

Question 19

gram negative

Answer 19

more challenging because of multiple layers
- E.coli, salmonella, cholera, Nisseria

Question 20

gram positive

Answer 20

staphylococci, streptococci, C.dif

Question 21

bactericidal

Answer 21

kill bacteria

Question 22

bacteriostatic

Answer 22

suppress bacteria

Question 23

empiric treatment

Answer 23

based on suspected bacteria
- broad spectrum, start ASAP

Question 24

focal treatment

Answer 24

culture and sensitivity results, narrow spectrum

Question 25

streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 25

pharyngitis; incubation 2-4 days, highly infectious - pen V

Question 26

penicillins, cephalosporins, bacitracin, vancomycin

Answer 26

cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Question 27

erythromycin, tetracyclines, streptomycin

Answer 27

protein synthesis inhibitors

Question 28

quinolones, rifampin

Answer 28

DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors

Question 29

sulfanilamide, trimethoprim

Answer 29

antimetabolites

Question 30

beta lactam antibiotics

Answer 30

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems - bactericidal

Question 31

penicillins

Answer 31

" illin"; target peptidoglycan; cell wall synthesis inhibitor - work against gram positive or negative

Question 32

amoxicillin, ampicillin, methicillin, piperacillin

Answer 32

broad spectrum penicillins

Question 33

pen G and V

Answer 33

narrow spectrum penicillins

Question 34

otitis media

Answer 34

caused by S.pneumoniae - amoxicillin

Question 35

clavulanic acid and tazobactam

Answer 35

B-lactamase inhibitors

Question 36

cephalosporins

Answer 36

"cef"; largest antibiotic class; cell wall synthesis inhibitors - 1st choice for skin infections

Question 37

cefazolin, cephalexin, cefuroxime

Answer 37

1st gen cephalosporins

Question 38

ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, ceftaroline

Answer 38

3-5 gen cephalosporims

Question 39

carbapenems

Answer 39

"penem"; cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Question 40

impinem, meropenem

Answer 40

carbapenems, potent, not 1st line, broad spectrum, meningitis

Question 41

bacitracin

Answer 41

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; gram +, broad spectrum

Question 42

polysporin

Answer 42

bacitracin - treat conjunctivitis, topical infections

Question 43

glycopeptide antibiotic

Answer 43

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; vancomycin

Question 44

vancomycin

Answer 44

glycopeptide antibiotic; - 1st choice MRSA -2ns choice C.dif

Question 45

C.dif

Answer 45

gram +, release toxin - 1st choice metronidazole (flagyl)

Question 46

Macrolides

Answer 46

"mycin"; protein synthesis inhibitors - 1st choice community acquired pneumonia

Question 47

erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

Answer 47

macrolides

Question 48

tetracyclines

Answer 48

"ycline"; protein synthesis inhibitors - gram + and -

Question 49

tetracycline, doxycycline, monocycline

Answer 49

tetracyclines; beware bone deformations, not good for teens

Question 50

aminoglycosides

Answer 50

protein synthesis inhibitors; potent, used for high risk infections, narrow TI, poor bioavailability, cytotoxic

Question 51

gentamicin, streptomycin, neomycin, tobramycin

Answer 51

aminoglycosides

Question 52

lincosamides

Answer 52

used in surgical prophylaxis

Question 53

clindamycin

Answer 53

lincosamide

Question 54

fluoroquinolones

Answer 54

"xacin"; RNA/DNA synthesis inhibitors - gram - - treat GI infections

Question 55

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin

Answer 55

fluoroquinolone

Question 56

nitromidazoles

Answer 56

"dazole";RNA/DNA synthesis inhibitors; 1st choice for C.dif, h.pylori

Question 57

metronidazole

Answer 57

nitroimidazole; 1st choice C.dif

Question 58

sulfonamides

Answer 58

"sulfa"; antimetabolite; inhibit cellular function but kill from inside - treat UTI - contraindicated for hypertension patients

Question 59

polyene fungal antibiotics

Answer 59

"azole"; target fungal infections - increase cell membrane permeability

Question 60

amphotericin, nystatin

Answer 60

polyene fungal antibiotics - 1st choice therapy

Question 61

TB

Answer 61

not gram + or -, treatment 6-12 months, bacteria capsuled in resistant cell wall

Question 62

TB treatment

Answer 62

rifampin (DNA inhibition) and isoniazid

Question 63

traveller diarrhea treatment

Answer 63

ciprofloxacin