IV Fluids Flashcards
1
Q
Isotonic Fluid Names
A
- Normal Saline- 0.9% NaCl
- D5W
- Lactated Ringer’s
2
Q
Isotonic Mechanism of Action
A
No Fluid Shift
3
Q
Isotonic Tx
A
- Fluid loss (Dehydration) Due to:
a. vomiting
b. diarrhea
c. surgical procedure-when BP is low
4
Q
Isotonic Adverse Effects
A
- Fluid overload
5
Q
Isotonic Implication
A
- Watch for signs of fluid overload
a. Tachycardia
b. Peripheral Edema
c. Distended neck veins
d. Dyspnea
c. Cough
6
Q
Hypertonic Fluid Name
A
- 3% NaCl
2. 5% Dextrose in NS
7
Q
Hypertonic Mechanism of Action
A
- Water moves from cells & Interstitial space to plasma volume
8
Q
Hypertonic Fluid Tx
A
- Cellular Edema
- Cerebral Edema
- Hyponatremia
9
Q
Hypertonic Adverse Effects
A
- Hypertension
10
Q
Hypotonic Fluid Name
A
- 0.45% NaCl
11
Q
Hypotonic Mechanism of Action
A
Water moves from plasma to interstitial space or cells
12
Q
Hypotonic Tx
A
- Cellular dehydration
2. Hypernatremia
13
Q
Hhypotonic Adverse Effects
A
- Hypotension
2. Peripheral Edema
14
Q
Hypotonic Contraindication
A
Pt c low BP
15
Q
Colloids Fluid Name
A
Dextran 40
16
Q
Colloids Mechanism of Action
A
- Replaces fluid
- Promotes excretion through urine (hypertonicsolution-water from cells to plasma)
- Contains electrolytes
- Molecules too large to pass through capillary membranes
- Increase osmotic pressure
17
Q
Colloid Tx
A
- Hypovolemic shock due to:
a. Burns
b. Hemorrhage
c. Surgery
18
Q
Colloid Adverse Effects
A
- HTN caused by plasma volume expansion
- Signs of fluid overload
a. Tachycardia
b. Peripheral Edema
c. Distended neck veins
d. Dyspnea
e. Cough
19
Q
Colloid Contraindication
A
- Renal Failure
- Severe Dehydration
- CHF
- Hypervolemic disorder
20
Q
Colloid Implication
A
- Watch for signs of fluid overload
2. Monitor I&O’s
21
Q
Crystalloids Fluid Names
A
- Normal Saline (0.9%)
- Hypertonic Saline (3%)
- Hypotonic Saline (0.45%)
22
Q
Crystalloids Mechanism of Action
A
- Expands plasma volume
- Draws water from intercellular & interstitial space to the plasma
- Mostly Na+ but can contain dextrose
23
Q
Crystalloids Tx
A
- Fluid loss due to:
a. Vomiting
b. Diahrrea
c. Surgical procedures - Hypertonic solutions Tx cellular edema & cerebral edema
- Hypotonic solutions Tx hypernatremia & cellular dehydration
