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Pharmacology > Antiseizure Medication > Flashcards

Antiseizure Medication Flashcards

1
Q

Name 5 Classes of antiseizure medication:

A
  1. Benzodiaepines
  2. Barbiturates
  3. Hydontioin
  4. Phenytoin-like drug
  5. Succinimide
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2
Q

Name 2 drugs in Benzodiazepine class

A
  1. Ativan

2. Valium

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3
Q

Mechanism of action for Benzo

A

Change action of GABA

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4
Q

What do benzo’s Tx?

A

Short-term seizures

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5
Q

Adverse effects for Benzo

A
  1. PNS reaction
  2. Drowsiness
  3. Respiration depression
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6
Q

Name 1 medication in Barbiturate class

A

Luminal

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7
Q

Mechanism of action for barbiturate

A

Changes action of GABA

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8
Q

Barbiturates Tx…?

A

Seizures

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9
Q

Adverse effects for barbiturates

A
  1. Dependence
  2. Drowsiness
  3. Vitamin deficiency
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10
Q

RN Implication for barbiturates

A
  1. Last resort medication
  2. Monitor liver & kidney fxn
  3. Pregnancy D class
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11
Q

Name 1 Rx in Hydontoin class

A

Dilantin

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12
Q

Mechanism of action for Dilantin

A

Desensitizes Na+ channels

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13
Q

What does Dilantin Tx?

A

Epilepsy except absence seizures

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14
Q

Adverse effects for dilantin

A
  1. CNS depression
  2. Gingivial Hyperplasia
  3. Hypotension
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15
Q

RN Implications for dilantin & Teaching

A
  1. Monitor blood
  2. Monitor kidney & liver fxn
  3. Report excessive bleeding
  4. Maintain good oral hygeine
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16
Q

Name 2 pheytoin-like meds

A
  1. Depakene

2. Depakote

17
Q

Mechanism of action for Depakote

A

Desensitizes Na+ channels

18
Q

What does Depakote Tx?

A

Absence seizures

19
Q

Adverse effects of depakote

A
  1. Visual disturbances
  2. Ataxia
  3. Vertigo
  4. GI upset
20
Q

RN Implications for depakote

A
  1. Avoid alcohol & Smoking
  2. Rebound seizures occur if stopped abruptly
  3. Take c food
21
Q

Name 1 medication from Succinimide class

A

Zorantin

22
Q

Mechanism of action of Zorantin

A

Suppresses CA+ influx

23
Q

Zorantin Tx what?

A

Absence seizures

24
Q

Adverse effects for Zorantin

A
  1. Drowsiness
  2. Dizziness
  3. Lethargy
25
Q

RN Implication & Teaching

A
  1. Pregnancy C
  2. Severe mental depression
  3. Take c food
26
Q

Seizures are clinically detectable sign of epilepsy

A
  1. Abnormal or uncontrolled neuronal discharges in the brain
  2. Affect:
    a. Consciousness
    b. Motor activity
    c. Sensation
  3. Symptom of an underlying disorder
27
Q

What is the definition of epilepsy

A

Epilepsy is a disorder that results from the surges in electrical signals inside the brain, causing recurring seizures

28
Q

Convulsion

A

Involuntary violent spasm of large muscles

29
Q

Known causes of seizures or epilepsy

A
  1. Infectious disease
  2. Trauma
  3. Metabolic disorder
  4. Vascular disease
  5. Pediatric disorder
  6. Neoplastic disease
30
Q

Epilepsy

A

Seizures occurring chronically

31
Q

Classification of epilepsy

A
  1. Partial= 1 side of the brain
  2. Generalized=both sides of the brain
  3. Special epileptic syndrome
32
Q

Pregnancy & Epilepsy

A
  1. Antiseizure medications decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives
  2. Most antiseizure Rx are pregnancy category D
33
Q

Status Epilepticus

A
  1. Considered a medical emergency

2. Continuous seizure activity, which can lead to coma & death

34
Q

Choice of seizure med depends on

A
  1. Type of seizure
  2. Pt Hx * Dx studies
  3. Associated pathologies
35
Q

Once medication is selected

A
  1. Pt is placed on low initial dose
  2. Gradually increased
  3. If seizure activity remains, different medication added in small increments
36
Q

Antiseizure pharmacotherapy goal

A

Suppress neuronal activity enough to prevent abnormal or repetitive firing

37
Q

Antiseizure medication mechanism of action

A
  1. Stimulating influx of Ch-
  2. Delaying an influx of Na+
  3. Delaying an influx of Ca++
38
Q

W/D from antiseizure medication

A
  1. Seizure free for @ least 3 years
  2. W/D gradualy over several months
  3. Resume medication if seizures return
  4. Rebound seizures may occur

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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