IV Fluids Flashcards
What is the normal expected output of urine per hour?
40-60mL
Oultine what the nursing management would be for hypo or hypervolemia
- Intake and output—strict fluid balance chart
- Monitor cardiovascular changes
- Assess respiratory changes
- Neurological changes
- Daily weights
- Skin assessment
- IV therapy (only occasionally for hypervolemia)
What is a hypertonic solution and give an example of one?
- Higher concentration than body fluids.
- Draws water out of cells, shrinking them.
- Used for severe hyponatremia or cerebral edema.
Examples: 3% NaCl or Protein solutions
What is a hypotonic solution and give an example of one?
- Lower concentration than body fluids (diluted)
- Causes cells to swell as water moves in (HIPPO)
- Used for cellular dehydration or hypernatremia.
Example: 0.45% sodium chloride
What is a isotonic solution and give an example of one?
- Same concentration as body fluids.
- No net movement of water into or out of cells.
- Used for volume replacement and to expand intravascular volume
Example: 0.9% NaCl or Lactated Ringer’s
Explain Hypovolaemia
Isotonic fluid loss = low ECF
Causes:
*Blood (ie haemorrhage)
*Plasma (ie burns)
*Interstitial fluid (ie all the other fluid loss routes…dia)
Signs/Symptoms:
*Increased HR
*flattened neck vein
*normal or low BP
Management:
Manage with isotonic fluids containing sodium with electrolytes/glucose
Explain Hypervolaemia
Isotonic fluid excess = high ECF
Causes:
*Excess IV fluids
*Increased Aldosterone
*Effects of corticosteroids (renal reabsoprtion of sodim and water)
Signs/Symptoms:
*Weight gain
*distended neck veins
*ascites/odema/HF
*high BP
*Impaired gas exchange
Management:
*Fluid restrictions
*remove fluid without changing electrolyte composition or osmolality of ECF
