IV Fluid Selection

Question 1

D5W

Answer 1

Glucose dissolved in water
Isotonic solution becomes hypotonic in the body

Question 2

Colloid solutions

Answer 2

Contains large proteins and molecules that tend to stay in the vascular space

Question 3

Crystalloid solutions

Answer 3

Contains various concentrations of electrolytes

Question 4

Hypertonic crystalloid

Answer 4

crystalloid solution that has a higher concentration of electrolytes than the body plasma.

Question 5

Hypotonic crystalloid

Answer 5

has a lower concentration of electrolytes than the body plasma.

Question 6

Intravascular volume

Answer 6

Volume of blood contained within the blood cells

Question 7

IV fluids

Answer 7

Chemically prepared solutions that are administered to a patient through the IV site

Question 8

Isotonic crystalloid

Answer 8

Has the same concentration of electrolytes as the body plasma

Question 9

Lactated ringers

Answer 9

isotonic crystalloid solution containing the solutes sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium lactate, dissolved in sterile water (solvent).

Question 10

NS

Answer 10

Isotonic crystalloid solution
contains 0.9% sodium chloride

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from area of lower dilute concentration to an area of higher concentration

Question 12

Plasma

Answer 12

Fluid surrounding cells in the body

Question 13

Minimal water input and output of a normal adult

Answer 13

1.6 L for both

Question 14

Average input/output of a normal adult

Answer 14

30-35 mL/kg/day (2.4L/day)

Question 15

Role of IV fluid administration

Answer 15

Provide fluid replacement
Administer medications, electrolytes, blood products, or diagnostic reagents
Maintenance/correction of nutritional status

Question 16

Components of fluid and electrolyte therapy

Answer 16

Maintenance and replacement

Question 17

Crystalloid solutions

Answer 17

Clear fluids made up of water and electrolyte solutions
Will cross a semi-permeable membrane

Question 18

Colloid solutions

Answer 18

Gelatinous solutions containing particles suspended in solution
Will not form a sediment under the influence of gravity and are largely unable to cross a semi-permeable membrane

Question 19

0.45% NS

Answer 19

Reserved for sever hyperosmolar states like HHS
May cause a rapid reduction in serum sodium if used in excess or infused too rapidly

Question 20

1.8-10% saline = hypertonic saline

Answer 20

Reserved for plasma expansion with colloids
Distributed almost entirely in the ECF and intravascular space
Reserved for high dependency, specialist areas

Question 21

Colloid solution use

Answer 21

Leak out of intravascular space when capillary permeability significantly changes (trauma or sepsis)
Regarded as the fold standard for intravascular resuscitation
Cause platelet dysfunction and interfere with fibrinolysis and coagulation factors

Question 22

D5W use

Answer 22

Used to maintain water in patients who are NPO
Provides come calories
Predominantly intracellular
Electrolyte free
Common cause of iatrogenic hyponaturemia in a surgical patient

Question 23

Dextrose saline

Answer 23

Bit of salt and sugar
Used to replace water losses and post-operatively
Limited applications outside of post-op
Does not commonly cause water or salt overload

Question 24

Maintenance considerations

Answer 24

Fewer or high ambient temperatures
Sweating
Humidity

Question 25

Fewer of higher ambient temperatures

Answer 25

Water loss increased 100-150 mL/day for every degree above 37C

Question 26

Sweating

Answer 26

Consider using a hypotonic solution for fluid replacement

Question 27

Humidity

Answer 27

Breathing humid air decreased loss while dry air may increase relative losses