Italy Threatened. Enfranchised, Divided Flashcards
pater familias means waht
father of the family
between the ages of 14 and sixteen, young men advanced into the position of _______ _______, and were under the fathers authority till be died
toga virilis
women were expected to be ______ at marriage
women got married ______
virgin
young
true or false
women could vote and were considered roman citizens
trueeeee slayyyyy rome
after the 2nd punic war, the lex oppia law was imposed on women, but revoked later
what did the law entail
women couldnt have more than asmall amount of gold, wearmulticolored clothes, etc, unless in a religious festival
NUmidia was not technically apart of roman empire, but was a part of ________, so they had good relations
cavalry
the king of numidia left his three sons to rule together, deviding the kingdom in three
what occured when their father died
jugurtha tried to seize power by killing one brother (Hiempsal) and driving the other out of numidia (Adherbal)
What did Adherba do once driven out of numidia by jugurtha
begged rome for help
what did jugurtha do that outraged the romans in the process of takind numidia
killed some italians, some were roman citizens
what did the romans do at first
devided numidia in equal parts for jugurtha and adherbal
what jugurtha once the kindgdom was devided between the two brothers
invaded adherbal’s side and killed him
Rome sends an army in resp to deal with jugurtha, what happens
War effort stalls
Romans have difficulty tracking Jugurtha down
what were some rumours in rome about jugurtha and rome
ing jugurtha was bribing the roman commanders to stall the war
mid war, what does rome giveds ugurtha saftety to come to rome to ______ himself.
something sus happens, what was it
While there senate asks is he has bribed
Tribute appeals the question, does not allow it to be answered
Questioning ended, but massive uprule
Public opinion turns against the ruling class, they seem them as incompetent
during the whole jugurtha thing, ______ _______ runs for consul and becomes in charged of the war
gaius marius
marius wins against jugurtha but his soldiers dont get _______ at first
land
how does gaius mock uppwer class
they have distinctions form their ancestors, mine are earned [in war]” wants to prove their incompetence
After Gaius’ year is up he becomes a governor of province, and stays in charge for _____ years instead of 1
3
the roman people vote to give gaius a different province than he initially had
why?
provine was in charge of war, they wanted him there
he ends it
Cimbri and Teutons were _____
gauls
cimbri and tautons (gauls) invade accross the _____ and win _____ straight battles, gradually going _____
alps
4
south
______ is put in charge of the war againt the gauls
marius
marius is elected consul for ____ straight years (odd legth for rome)
5
marius is successful against the gauls. what is the reaction of roman senatprs when he gets back to rome
threatened cause hes an outsider of the upper class who was elected 5 whole damn times
how does marius treat the senators
instead of cozying up to senators he attacks them
In Marius’ last consulship he teams up with a tribute named _________, who as at odds with the senators as inspired by Gracchi
Saturnius
marius reformed the army’s battle formation in what way
no longer three distinct ranks
2 instead, axullaries did cavalry and light-armed troops, rmans grouped into larger formations
marius was married to a rich bitch names ______ which benifited him
julia
when the senate tries to thwartmarius by reappointing metellus as commander, the _____ ______ overruled it and appointed marius
plebian assembly
saturnius made a _____ bill on behalf of marius
land
what did the ladn bill of saturnius entail
must give land to veterans
to make things sting a little, what did the senators all have to do (reguarding the land bill)
publicly vow to support it
Saturninus was reelected for tribune and wanted Glaucia to be made consul, Marius rejects this and what fucked up thing happened next
saturninus had his the other candidate beat to death
(stil did not get elected)
what did Marius implement after disorder full upon rome (post the fucked saturninus thing)
S.c.u (ultimate decree of the senate) to arrest saturninus
how did saturninus die
died along with glaucia while arrested and kept on a roof, the people climbed it and beat them to death (payback lol)
Marius is _______ elected to office again
never
the law of the province is known as ____ _________ - defined ach communities constitution, boundaries, etc
lex provincia
each govenor has a ______ assigned to them to deal with finances
queefer
govenors can basically do anything they want in their year as long as
as long as you keep peace and order in rome’s interest
Marcus Lvius Drusus as was tribune who proposed things to help mitigate the tensions between who
rich and poor
tribune urges the ppl to vote to give citizenship to all ________, bill doesnt pass
italians
how did the itialians reacto to not being made citizens
revolt in a civil war
other regions joine forming a new kingdom and capitol
in the rebellion which revolted against rome, what was the capitol called
italia
Lucius Cornelius________ (2nd in command) in charge of the war for the romans
sulla ( the part u need to know)
how does the italian revolt end
Romans eventually give in - italians have full citizenship
Dumb civil war then, should have agreed in beginning
War declared against the rich kingdom of Pontus due to _______
uprising/revolt of rebels
why did all the soldiers want to be a part of the military campaign during the uprising of Pontus
they wanna loot it
_____ is elected consul during uprising of pontus, and given comman in war
Sulla
Sulpicius Rufus wants full _____ rights for all the new citens of rome
voting
______ supports Rufus in this attempt to acheive full voting rights or Italy in return for _________ in war
marius
comman in war
between sulla and marius, who wins the elections? reaction?
marius
sulla mad mad
in response sulla is outrages that marius gets commansd, what does sulls do in response
marches on rome
enters rome with 6 legions and captures it
sulla changed romes strucutre, it was no longer divided into ___ _____
35 tribes
once sulla is in rome, he declares who as enemy of the state
marius and others to be killed on sight
sulla takes his army and goes where
Takes his army and marches to pontus, looting everything in his path
When sulla leaves, who is left in charge to redistribute the 35 tribes and bans sulla from rome
cinna
Cinna then leaves rome rally for support for his cause, what did the senate do
declared him enemy cause of his behaviour (not pristegious)
Marius and supporters enter rome as soon as sulla leaves, what happens then
Holds new elections
Sulla seen as enemy of state now
They start to prep for his return
before sulla returns to rome for the second time, what happens to marius
dies
who replaced marius when he died
flacccus
Sulla and his soldiers march back to rome with groups of random paramilitary groups (unofficial army)
who else joins his side? who joins romes side?
Thousands of men flock to his side hoping they will be rewarded for helping him take back rome
At last minute, many italians begin join rome (Italians hate sulla)
what two men joined sulla during his march to rome
Gnaeus Pomeius Magnus (pompey) and Marcus Licinius Crassus
what happens the second time sulla marches on rome (how does he do)
he retakes rome
who is told to go to spain (still opponents) to win themback
pompey
what is sulla’s first act when he retakes rome the second time
Sulla’s first act is a meeting of the senate where his soldiers crucify the italians who rebelled against him during the battle
sulla declares himself a ______ when he retakes rome th second time
dictator
sulla makes a proscription (govvy list posted publicly)
what did it entail
List of ppl who were published enemies of state who had to be killed on sight
Anyone helping them also killed on sight
what happen to the land of those killed according to sulla’s proscription
Anyone on this list’ property is taken by the state
Auction off some of the property and money to state
If u bid against sulla or his gang, u get added to list - so they get prop for cheap
sulla called himself dictator ____________ which meant eternally (not surrendering ever)
perpetuus
sulla eventualla institutes ______ reforms on rome which reflected ________ revious attempts
reasonable
gracchus’
sulla ______ the senate in size so it now contained ______ senators
doubled
600
sulla doubled number of ______ twenty to deal with the now 600 senators
quaestors
increased the number of praetors from 6 to ___
8
one of sullas reforms
anyone who runs for _____, can never run for any other political office because he saw them as threats to the state
tribute
one of sullas reforms
added a ___ year interval between holding any partiuclar office again
10
sulla’s reforms strip the power of many _______
equestrian/equates
sulla redistributes _____ to gain support
land
the monhtly ____ distribution put in place by gracchus was taken away by sulla
grain
the _______ assembly was taken away by sulla
plebian
_______ defended a case were some dude got added to sulla’s proscription list
cicero
Marcus Amelius _______ was elected for consul dispite sulla;s dissaproval of his candidacy
lepidus
what did lepidius advocate for
repeal of sullas acts
return of confiscated land
reintro of gain distribution
restorations of tribunes
etruri attacks the settlers placed on their land buy sulla, what does lepidius do
lepidius joins the attackers and dies in a battle
what spanish ex-praetor took up governorship near spain and challenged rome
Quintus Sertorius
________ led a slave revolt in rome
sparticus
sparticus urgered slaves to go to their _____ before rome could resp
origins
_____ was put in charge of defeating sparticus during the slave revolt, and killed him
crassus
crassus and pompey were both ______
young
how did pompey somehwat take responsibility for ending the war/slave revolt
Roman rule - whoever wins war, gets credit for the war
Pomey defeats the very very last slaves - crassus forced to share credit with pompey -
don’t really get along - teame dup for consul but didnt last long
pompey and crassus were both named _____ for “their” victory
consuls
why was pompey exactly the type of politician sulla hated
too young
rose to power too quickly
crassus was a ______ man, used his relationship with sulla to form an ______ empire
buisness man
economic empire
they called crassus “the ______”
the rich
crassus formed his own _____ department
fire
the early first century saw a huge increase in ______ and _____ in the mediterranian
pirates and bandits
what did the pirates do
They routinely kidnapped ppl
Looted ships if u didnt give them money - they would kidnap ppl and sell them
the mans make the pirates a _______ and it it off to pompey for ___ years
province
3
how did pompey successfully deal with the pirate problem
Takes his ships and sails form one end of mediterranean to the other
Told the pirates if they surrendered voluntarily, would get land
Did this using the money budgeted to build ships to buy the land
Roman ppl celebrate pompey for all his victories
due to his past millitary success, pompey is put in charge of dealing with new threat; king _______ of pontus
mithridates
(in the past) _____ was sent to go tell mithridates to abandom cappadocia, a region he had conquored, he agreed to _______ surprisingly
sulla
withdraw
what did rome urger the kingdom of cappadocia to do at this point for revenge
recoup their financial losses by invading pontus (the guys who had attacked thme b4)
mithridates swept the west, taking control of _____ _____
asia minor
_______ attacks mithridates and wins
sulla
did sulla persue mithradates further?
naw fam
marcus tullis cicero was a _____ _____ ( no one in his fam had been politician)
novus homo
what was ciero known for which helped him ride to power
speaking ability as a lawyer and politican
cicero took on _______ court cases
imperial
cicero convinced rome of what
to let pompey take care of the pirates
cicero was elected for ______, but only because his two opponenet are sus of ________, which turned out to be true
consul
conspiracy
_________ was was the opponent who was in the conspiracy
cateline
what was catelines plan for rome
he was planning conspiracy to burn down rome n cause chaos
Cicero collected proof of this by by doing what
by bringing fake supporters to find out his plan and collects documents as evidence
people urged cicero to _____ cateline before he could leave the city, cicero ______
kill
refused
what was the problem with straighr up killing cicero
had to do trial first
