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Classics term 2 > Beginning of the Mediterranean Empire > Flashcards

Beginning of the Mediterranean Empire Flashcards

1
Q

wars between cartherage and rome are called the _____ wars

A

punic

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2
Q

cartherage was colonized by ______ and used to be one of their ________ but eventually became inpendent

A

phonecia

colonies

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3
Q

cartherage began _______, to maximize what made them so powerful, ________

A

colonizing (colonies became trading outposts)

trade

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4
Q

due to a treaty, Romans were not allowed to trade with anyone outside of _____ other than the __________

A

italy

carthiginians

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5
Q

________ had control of the majority of the island of sicily at first

A

cartherage

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6
Q

what caused the first punic war?

A

Rome VS Cartherage
for the control of messena (on isle of sicily)

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7
Q

sicilly allied with _____

A

rome

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8
Q

messana was allied with _______ at first

A

syracuse

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9
Q

what did “the sons of mars” do

A

took hold of messena, and drove out the ruling class

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10
Q

how did the former rulers of messena react when they were outed by the sons of mars

A

went to rome for help

romans urged for war against the sons of mars in messena

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11
Q

the romans had a strong _______
the carthaginians had a strong ______

A

Roman army

carthegian navy

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12
Q

At first, the carthaginians agree to fight for the sons of mars at what price?

A

they let them use their mercenary soldiers

(makes sense cause they were good for navy, meh for soldiers)

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13
Q

how did the sons of mars react to cartherage’s offer to fight for them if they give them their soldiers

A

they refuse to pay and cartherage turns on them, plans to annihilate the sons of mars

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14
Q

the romans built _____ ______ to challenge cartherage

A

war ships

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15
Q

what were the roman warships called?

the war ships were successful yet ________

A

ravens - successful yet unstable

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16
Q

how did the romans defeat the carthaginians

A

won a naval battle with their new war ships, then invaded Africa with a large army

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17
Q

how long was the first punic war

A

23 years

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18
Q

at the end of the war, why did carthiginians mercinairies revolt?

A

cartherage couldnt pay them

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19
Q

due to the revolt, cartherage had to agree to a treaty

the terms of the treaty made them give up what?

A

Carthage had to pay for war damages, and Rome took control of all of the Carthaginian lands on the island of Sicily

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20
Q

the first punic war lead to the decision to designate the first ________, in sicily, sardinia, and corsica

A

provinces

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21
Q

The second punis war broke out over ______, between rome and cartherage

A

spain

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22
Q

cartherage starts trying to gain control of spain. who was the cheif carginian commander in spain during the second punic war

A

hannibal

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23
Q

what made rome declare war against cartherage this time

A

hannibal besieged a town under Rome’s proctection

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24
Q

what was Hannibal’s war plan to attack rome

A

rome thought they’d have to sail accross so they prepared for his arrival

in reality he marched through the alps arrive at tribia river

25
Q

after hannibal crossed the apennines he invaded _______

A

Etruria

26
Q

when this chaos was going on _______ as appointed dictator

A

maximus

(Fabius maximus)

27
Q

maximus was given the nickname “cuntator” which means procrastinator. why?

A

he had a strategy of avoiding hannibals army unless he had favourable conditions

ppl didnt like this

28
Q

the conculs didnt dint maximus’ strategy so they marched against hannibal on their own in the battle of cannae

how did this go?

A

very very bad for romans
almost all killed

29
Q

what did the romans new strategy after their epic loss ential

A

Rome invades African allies

hannibal the summoned back to defend

this leads to peace terms

30
Q

after the punic wars

_______ recruited for army
____-______ enrolled in Senate

A

Non romans/slaves recruited- if you keep fighting we will give you citizenship
Non-senators enrolled in Senate

31
Q

what were the peace terms of the second punic war

A

cartherage surrenders fleet
had to pay for war losses
less power overall
had to get permission from rome to go to war

32
Q

who in the end got messinia in the second punic war

A

rome

33
Q

during the punic wars, came the need for commanders - what did they implement to fix this

A

“prorogation” - extending the terms of some officials

34
Q

the ______ took lead in the conduct of war and diplomace - during and after the punic wars

A

senate

(had a lot of say at this time)

35
Q

in the magistrates and the senates eyes, everyone under the protection of rome became a part of the _________ of the roman people

A

imperium

36
Q

what did the term province refer to for romans

A

ome always had provinces but provinces was a roman term for an issue/problem

eg. “buddy’s province is to deal with planning this parade”

37
Q

to gain necessary supplies and funds, govenors imposed what?

who had to do this?

A

demanded payments of tribute (kinda like taxes)

but some favoured regions didnt have to pay

38
Q

why did Roman officials difficulty governing the new roman empire geographically

A

Travel time - having to get all the way out to spain or africa made it hard to have just 2 consuls

39
Q

how did roman officials try to deal with their travel time issue ? reaction?

A

Tried increasing the number of officials

The senators wanted to restrict the number of ppl who could become senators (jealous cause it would dilute their power)

40
Q

After the punic war, a wave of patriotism happens, the roman people give the soldiers _______

A

rewards (often land redistrbuted from conquored places)

41
Q

spain is made up of ____ provinces

A

2

42
Q

what was the role of a proconsul

A

to act as govenor of a specific province

their troops came to province with them, neither could leave

43
Q

how did they select govenors/preconsuls

A

After year is (in magistrate) up you automatically become a governor

44
Q

towards the end of the second century, officials in rome sould arrange contracts for the collectionf of what? how did ppls feel

A

taxes and rents from entire provinces and cities

super controversial

45
Q

after the punic wars, the roman soldiers in spain _________ with the spanish

A

intermarries

46
Q

spain was divided into ____ provinces

A

2

47
Q

how did the spanish feel about romans rule? how did rome treat spain?

A

did not accept their rule

Bad tings happened (like what happened to yo ppl mireille)

48
Q

what did the romans exploit from the spanish

A

their mines

mountains of metal bruv
esp silver

49
Q

what three hellenistic kingdoms dominated in the eatern mediterranean

A

Macedonia
egypt
asia (syria)

50
Q

when did the first mecedonian war take place

A

during second punic war after rome’s defeat at Cannae

51
Q

what caused first macedonian war

A

macedonian king decide to ally with hannibal due to his success at that time

52
Q

who won the first macedonian war

A

stalemate, each side kep what they had

53
Q

the Second Macedonian War was launched by the Roman Senate against Philip after he refused to guarantee what

A

to make no hostile moves against greeks

54
Q

who won the second macedonian war

A

the romans

55
Q

the peace terms of the second macedonian war involved Philip doing what

A

withdrawing his ppl from greek cities, surrender most of fleet, pay

56
Q

what did the proclaimation at corith ential

A

gave freedom to all greeks, roman troops left greece

57
Q

what caused the third punic war

A

carthage attacked by numidia and needed help

rome on good terms with numidia

carthage wants to decalre war, rome says no

58
Q

how does the third punic war end

A

carthage would rather die than surrender to rome again, so they all die lol

Classics term 2 (6 decks)

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