Italy : Causes of the 1848 Revolutions Flashcards
What did the Pope do which gained mass support ?
Released all political prisoners
What would crowds chant about Pius ?
“oh, Supreme Pius”
What did Pius do in attempts to unify Italy ?
Question the justice system, Entered a customs union with Piedmont and Tuscany, Common tariffs among non-members
Why was Pius influential ?
Such a significant figure was taking actions towards unity
Which two areas resented Austria’s high taxation ?
Lombardy and Venetia
How much tax was Austria making from Lombardy and Venetia ?
1/3 of Austria’s tax revenue
What happened in the Papal Town of Ferrera ?
Pope lodged a formal protest - made Austria look as if they’re attacking the church
What did Pius do in January 1848 ?
He denied denied Austrians the right to cross the papal states - He also asked the lord to bless “italia”
When was there a declaration of a republic in Venice ?
March 1848
Name an Anti-Austrian secret society.
Spillo Negro
Why did secret societies struggle ?
Limited freedom of speech
What literature promoted patriotism and nationalism ?
“I promessi sposi”
What literature portrayed foreign nationals as wicked oppressors ?
“John of Procida”
What book inspired Mazzini ?
“Antalogia”
When did Mazzini form Young Italy ?
1821
How many members did Young Italy have ?
50,000
What did Balbo write and believe ?
“Le Seperenze D’Italia” 1844 - Should be a federation of Italian states
What did D’Azeglio write ?
“On recent events in Romanga” Calling the Pope and Austria tyrants and he supported the revolutionaries
How much of the south relied on subsistence farming ?
90%
What event lead to huge southern riots ?
Harvest failures 1846-47 , higher food prices - HUNGER POLITICS
Why did the south revolt ?
Had no care for a unified Italy, down to economic struggles
What was the life expectancy in Naples ?
24
Who did the south blame for the 65,000 deaths due to Cholera ?
Bourbons
Who supported and liked the liberal ideas of Pius ?
Charles Albert
What did Charles Albert grant ?
The Statuto 1847
What did the Statuto provide ?
Gave radicals civil rights to stand on
How did the Statuto boost confidence ?
Secret societies like the Cabonari had more opportunity to resist Austrian rule
What are the 5 factors for the Revolutions ?
- Reforms of Pius
- Unpopularity of Austria
- Growth of Nationalism
- Social discontent and Economic issue
- Growth of Liberalism
