Italy B1

Question 1

when did Napoleon take over Italy

Answer 1

1796

Question 2

when did Napoleon decide to abolish the old states

Answer 2

1798

Question 3

how did Napoleon divide Italy

Answer 3

divided Italy into 4 republics

Question 4

what percentage of tax in Italy went to the French military

Answer 4

60%

Question 5

where were the French defeated and when

Answer 5

at waterloo, 1815

Question 6

when was the congress of Vienna and what did it do

Answer 6

-1815
-return Italy to the same boundaries as before 1796 which was known as the restored order

Question 7

who was the Austrian Chancellor at the time

Answer 7

Metternich

Question 8

what did Metternich wish to do

Answer 8

‘extinguish the spirit of Italian Unity’

Question 9

what did Metternich famously say

Answer 9

‘Italian affairs do not exist’

Question 10

describe Piedmont Sardinia

Answer 10

-ruled by House of Savoy under VEI (anti-french)
-strong developed army
-Turin economically advanced
-effective, established gov
-frustrated MC

Question 11

describe Lombardy/Venetia

Answer 11

-Habsburg empire, Emporer Francis I
-only Austrian police, army officers and civil servants
-Austria reacted to discontent with severe political measures + censorship

Question 12

describe Central Dutchies

Answer 12

-satellites of Austria, Austrian Dukes and Duchesses
-progressive e.g Ferdinand III in Tuscany
-Florence most civilised

Question 13

describe the Papal States

Answer 13

-Pope Pius VII
-Austrian troops stationed to protect Pope and conservatism
-feudal system
-very reactionary

Question 14

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Answer 14

-Bourbons
-feudal, political crashes, revolts
-liberal and absolutism
-very poor, disease, backwards, pre-industrial
-Sicily - Ferdinand I, banned Sicilian Constitution

Question 15

what was the Sicilian Constitution and when was it

Answer 15

-abolished feudalism, press censorship and allowed free enterprise
-1812

Question 16

what were the political factors that prevented unification

Answer 16

-lots of powerful leaders already e.g VEI, Pope
-different policital systems - reactionary and progressive
-Austria is ultra-reactionary - Metternich Congress of Vienna

Question 17

what were the social factors that prevented unification

Answer 17

-class structures - aristocrats, huge peasantry = liberal ideas banned
-North/South divide - North - Northern European influences, South - African influences
-2.5% speak Italian
-low LR
-political apathy

Question 18

what were the economic factors that prevented unification

Answer 18

-South was vey poor and backward = no interest to the wealthier North
-little trade between states e.g River Po
-high Austrian taxes stops Lombardy/Venetia from developing

Question 19

how many tarriff points did the River Po have

Answer 19

22

Question 20

what were the ruling families of Piedmont, CDs and Naples

Answer 20

Piedmont - House of Savoy
-CD - house of Lorraine
-Naples - the Bourbons

Question 21

define liberal

Answer 21

political philosophy which promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy and free enterprises

Question 22

define radical

Answer 22

representing or supporting complete change or an extreme or progressive section of a political party

Question 23

define reactionary

Answer 23

opposing political or social progress or reform

Question 24

define progressive

Answer 24

favouring social reform

Question 25

what did liberals want for Italy

Answer 25

-a unified Italy -constitutional monarchy -free trials -representative gov -freedom of speech -better education

Question 26

what did radicals want for italy

Answer 26

-social reform -free from Austrian republic -democratic republic -redistribution of wealth

Question 27

how were Austria able to keep tight control of Venetia and Lombardy

Answer 27

-quadrilateral fortress cities -severe political measures -strict censorship

Question 28

list 4 ways in which Ferdinand III allowed Tuscany to become more enlightened

Answer 28

-improved education -re-organsised universities -improved education for girls -expanded health facilities

Question 29

define jesuits, zealots and Inquisition

Answer 29

-jesuits - strict catholics who enforced church rule -zealots - hard-line popes -Inquisition - catholic court, executed heretics

Question 30

how was Ferdinand I of Naples reactionary

Answer 30

-cancelled Sicilian constitution -no say in gov -strict censorship -reduced spending on education and more

Question 31

what percentage of Italians were catholics

Answer 31

90%

Question 32

why did the French sell Church land to professional classes

Answer 32

they were anti-clerical

Question 33

what happened after the Congress of Vienna

Answer 33

-Pope was restored to full power -code Napoleon abolished

Question 34

how did the church establish control in italy

Answer 34

-Austrian troops in Papal States -censorship imposed and opposition crushed -the Inquisition -zealots established tight control on gov, education, culture and politics in the PS

Question 35

how was the Church described

Answer 35

the most reactionary

Question 36

how would the church be able to stop any challenges to the restored order

Answer 36

-most peasants were illiterate and uneducated - can indoctrinate them -Austrians supported the Pope -Jesuits enforced church laws and attacked anyone who challenged the church -the Inquisition -Austria and France were catholic -Pope is God's representative

Question 37

what did nationalists believe in

Answer 37

-people of the same race, language, culture and traditions should be united in an independent nation -clear boundaries and no outside control -some favoured a monarchy, some republic

Question 38

what did liberals believe in

Answer 38

-say in gov through a representative assembly -constitutional monarchy

Question 39

what did radicals believe in

Answer 39

-extreme -social reform and redistribution of wealth -violence to achieve aims -democratic not restored monarchy

Question 40

what did the Austrians think of political groups

Answer 40

-no intention of allowing ideas to spread - could threaten empire -easy to control Italy

Question 41

why were the political groups unable to challenge the restored order by 1830

Answer 41

-peaceful or violent? -peasants had political apathy -disagreed whether to unite North and South -small numbers - only MC -constitutional monarchy or republic -Austria wouldn't tolerate it - secret = hard to communicate

Question 42

what was the Carbonari and how members were there

Answer 42

- a secret society who wanted to fight to gain constitutions and rights -60,000

Question 43

what was the Black Pin

Answer 43

-secret society -anti-Austrian -liberal ideas -against papal rule

Question 44

what was the federati and aldefi

Answer 44

-secret society -wanted constitutional monarchy -anti-Austrian -were unmasked

Question 45

how much of a threat were the secret societies to the restored order by 1830

Answer 45

strength -patriotic -large prepared to die -educated -rebelled weakness -political apathy -not mass movements -different methods -small and scattered

Question 46

why did the 1830-32 revolutions happen

Answer 46

French revolution - revolutionaries thought french would help

Question 47

where did the two separate revolutions take place

Answer 47

-Modena and Parma -the Papal States

Question 48

why did the revolutions fail

Answer 48

-local affairs -too reliant on small secret societies -didn't use violence -France didn't help -Austria-military strength and they didn't want constitutions -divided aims

Question 49

what was the Risorgimento

Answer 49

-meant 'rising again' -19th century movement for unification which aroused national consciousness

Question 50

give cultural examples of the Risorgimento

Answer 50

-'William Tell' - Rossina (song) -'Bibliotheca Italia' - Lombardy (journal)