Italy

Question 1

Form of government

Answer 1

Past: Constitutional monarchy, fascist authoritarian, first republic
Current: Seconf republic- no formal constitutional change, collapse of first republic system

Question 2

Executive

Answer 2

Head of state: indirectly elected president (elected by parliament and regional delegates 7 years), has expended political powers i.e second reading, call elections, extensive role in nomination of PM, has on of the most powerful heads of state in parliamentary regime, HAS CHOICE TO DISSOLVE GOVERNMENTS

Question 3

Government

Answer 3

Composed of ministers and PM. PM must receive the collegial confidence of both chambers
Cannot dismiss and replace ministers
Role is weaker than most parliamentary regimes

Question 4

Legislative power

Answer 4

Bicameralism: perfect and symmetric, chamber of deputies 630 and senate 315.
Regulatory, financial and administrative autonomy of two chambers

Question 5

Judicial power

Answer 5

Central since 1993, italian constitutional court: members appointed by other judges

Question 6

Party system

Answer 6

Two main phases:
Bipolarization until 2008: one centre left and centre right, vbery strong fragmentation, instability of identity
Tripolar phase: weakening of strong poles and emergence of third- Five star movement- constant part system change
Rosatellum: mixed-member proportional electoral law, 63% of seats by PR in closed lists, 37% by FPTP (first past the post)