Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

WSET3 - Julie > Italy > Flashcards

Italy Flashcards

1
Q

What does DOP/DOC mean and where is it used?

A

Italy - Denominazione di Origine Protetta

Or DOC Denominazione di Origine Controllata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does DOCG mean and where is it used?

A

Italy - Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between DOC and DOCG in Italy?

A

DOC = wines are subject to geographical boundaries + limitations on GV and production methods

DOCG = DOC + wines must be bottled within the region + tasting by Ministry of Agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the term Classico mean in Italy?

A

Designate wines made solely from grapes grown in the original classified land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the term Riserva mean in Italy?

A

Wines with higher alcohol levels and longer ageing than the minimum stipulated by the appellation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does IGP/IGT mean in Italy?

A

Indicazione Geografica Protetta (IGP)
Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)

Same thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the main wine producing regions in Northern Italy?

A
  1. Alto Adige
  2. Trentino
  3. Friuli-Venezia Giulia
  4. Veneto
  5. Piemonte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are the vineyards regions of Northern Italy located?

A

Foothills of the Alps and on the plain of the river Po

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the climate in Northern Italy?

A

Moderate climate with short, dry summers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the moderating influences in Northern Italy?

A
  1. Alps - barrier sheltering the vineyards from the rain

2. Local rivers (Po) and glacial lakes (Lake Garda) = moderating influence to areas inland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a threat for the vineyard in Northern Italy?

A

Areas close to the sea might have a high level of rainfall = fungal diseases can be a problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the trellising system traditionnaly used in Northern Italy and why was it used?

A

Pergola = trained high with fruit hanging below a horizontal canopy of leaves

Protects from sunburn + allows air to circulate and minimizes the risk of rot

Still used when high levels of acidity and low sugar are needed (for sparkling wines for example) + when the grapes need to be dried (they need to be free from diseases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the pergola training help to achieve in wines in Northern Italy?

A

Still used when high levels of acidity and low sugar are needed (for sparkling wines for example) + when the grapes need to be dried (they need to be free from diseases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common training system in northern Italy?

A

Higher density plantings using VSP training are now more common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Italy’s most northerly wine region?

A

Alto Adige

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the climate in Alto Adige?

A

Moderate climate, with short dry summers and low rainfall during the growing season

Large diurnal range thanks to the altitude = grapes are ideal for the production of aromatic whites and elegant light bodied reds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What impact does the large diurnal range have in Alto Adige?

A

Large diurnal range thanks to the altitude = grapes are ideal for the production of aromatic whites and elegant light bodied reds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most used GV in Alto Adige?

A

Pinot Grigio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe a Pinot Grigio from Alto Adige

A

Dry style, light to medium body, high acidity

Citrus + green fruit flavors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the main appellation in Alto Adige?

A

Alto Adige AOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the difference between Alto Adige and Trentino?

A

Trentino is directly south of Alto Adige

The valley is wider here and vines are planted on the valley floor and the slopes on both sides of the valley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the climate in Trentino?

A

Similar to Alto Adige

Dry summers and low rainfall during the growing season, but overall slightly warmer, since Trentino has a more southerly atitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is the climate in Trentino overall warmer than in Alto Adige?

A
  1. Southern Latitude
  2. More vineyards are lower altitudes
  3. Mountains to the west side of the valley are sheltering the region from the cooling influence from Lake Garda
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the main GV in Trentino?

A

PINOT GRIGIO and Chardonnay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe a white wine from Trentino

  1. from the valley floor
  2. from higher altitudes
A
  1. Medium bodied, medium acidity, ripe stone fruit

2. More similar to the ones in Alto Adige

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the appellation in Trentino?

A

Trentino DOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the 2 main advantages of using Pergola training?

A
  • Protects from sunburn

- Better air circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a moderating influence in Friuli-Venezia Giulia?

A

Cooled by air from the mountains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a moderating influence in Friuli-Venezia Giulia?

A

Cooled by air from the mountains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 2 main climate in Friuli-Venezia Giulia?

A

North = Foothills of the Alps = moderate continental

In the south = warm maritime climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the main GV in Friuli-Venezia Giulia?

A

Pinot Grigio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe the style of Pinot Grigio from Alto-Adige, Trentino and Friuli Venezia-Giulia

A
  • Dry in style
  • Clonal selection are the same as in Germany and Alsace
  • Typically made in stainless steel and concrete
  • Some MLF. lees and oak in premium examples
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the 3 appellations in Friuli Venezia-Giulia?

A

Collio Orientali DOC
Collio DOC
Friuli Grave DOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the 2 premium appellations in Friuli Venezia Giulia?

A

Collio Orientali DOC

Collio DOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where can we find the fuller bodied Pinot Grigio in Italy?

A

Friuli Venezia Giulia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the western/eastern and northern/southern limits of Veneto?

A

West: Lake Garda
East: Venice
North: foothills of the Alps
South: plains of the river Po

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the climate in Veneto?

A

Warm continental climate

37
Q

What are the moderating influences in Veneto?

A

Cooling breezes from Lake Garda in the west
Cooling influence from altitude (=large diurnal range) in the North
Moist air and fog from the Po river in the south (risk of disease and rot)

38
Q

What is the main appellation in Veneto?

A

Veneto IGP

39
Q

What type of wines are usually produced in Veneto IGT?

A

High-volume, inexpensive, simple and fruity wines from international GV

Usually Pinot Grigio

40
Q

What are the characteristics of a Pinot Grigio from Veneto?

A
  • early harvested
  • high yielding = neutral wines
  • dry in style
41
Q

What are the 2 distinct areas in Soave?

A

Foothills

Flat plains

42
Q

What are the soils of the foothills areas in Soave? What is their influence on the grapegrowing and on the wines?

A

Limestone, clay, volcanic rocks

Naturally cool soils + altitude = slow ripening = grapes with full flavor ripeness but also high acidity

Wines can age

43
Q

What are the soils in the plain areas in Soave? What is their influence on grapegrowing and on the wines?

A

Sandy, alluvial soils

Aid ripening so the grapes are fruitier with medium acidity
Wines are meant to be drunk young

44
Q

What are the 2 main appellations in Soave?

A 
Soave DOC (plains)
Soave Classico DOC (foothills)
45
Q

What is the main GV in Soave DOC and Soave Classico DOC?

A

Garganega (white)

46
Q

Describe a Garganega from Soave?

A

Medium to high acidity
Medium body
Pears, red apple, stone fruit and white pepper

NO oak typically

Best examples can age

47
Q

What is the main GV in Valpolicella?

A

Corvina

48
Q

What are the 5 appellations in Valpolicella?

A 
Valpolicella DOC
Valpolicella Classico DOC
Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG
Reciotio della Valpolicella DOCG
Valpolicella Ripasso DOC
49
Q

What is the difference between Valpolicella DOC and Valpolicella Classico DOC?

A

Valpolicella DOC = made from grapes from the entire region

Valpolicella Classico DOC = made from grapes from the foothills

50
Q

Describe a Valpolicella DOC and Valpolicella Classico DOC

A

Fruity, simple, with light tannins and red cherry flavors

Rarely oaked, made to be drunk immediately

51
Q

What are the main characteristics of Corvina?

A

thin skinned, moderate color, low to medium tannins, high acidity

52
Q

Where is Corvina used?

A

Valpolicella

53
Q

Where is Garganega used?

A

Soave

54
Q

What are the 2 specifics winemaking methods used in some Valpolicella appellations?

A

Passito method

Ripasso method

55
Q

Where is the Passito method used?

A

Amarone della Valpolicella DOC

Recioto delle Valpolicella DOCG

56
Q

Where is the Ripasso method used?

A

Valpolicella Ripasso DOC

57
Q

Describe the Ripasso method

A

Uses grape skins from a fermenting Amarone della Valpolicella

- shortly before the fermentation finishes, the Amarone is drained off the skins
- skins remain unpressed and are added to a vat of Valpolicella that has finished fermentation
- yeast is transferred along and ferments remaining sugar on the amarone grape skins

This gives more color, flavors and tannins to the wine

58
Q

Describe the passito method

A

Passito method:

- increases structure, flavor concentration and color
- Grapes are picked early when still high in acidity and dried indoors (concentrates sugars and flavors)
- Fermentation starts in winter
59
Q

Describe an Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG

A 
Dry of off-dry
Full-bodied with high alcohol
Medium to high tannins
Very concentrated red berries and spice
Usually aged in large oak barrels
60
Q

Describe a Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG

A 
Grapes are so sweet that the fermentation stops naturally
Sweet wines
Full-bodied and high alcohol 
Medium to high tannins
Intense red fruit
61
Q

Describe a Valpolicella Ripasso DOC

A

Medium to full-bodied
Medium to high tannins
Stewed red cherries and plums

62
Q

What is the climate in Piemonte?

A

Moderate continental climate

63
Q

What are the moderating influences in the north of Piemonte?

A

Mountains
rain shadow protecting the region from wind and precipitations

Lake Maggiore
Moderates the northern part of Piemonte

64
Q

What is the moderating influence in the south of Piemonte?

A

Po River

Moderates the southern part of Piemonte

65
Q

What are the main challenges in Piemonte?

A

Summer conditions

Region can be subject to hail, fog and thunderstorms

66
Q

What is the range of altitude in Piemonte?

A

Ranging from 150 to 600 meters = different aspects and altitudes for viticulture

67
Q

What are the main black and white GV in Piemonte?

A

White
Cortese and Moscato (Muscat)

Black
Nebbiolo, Barbera and Dolcetto

68
Q

What is the only GV allowed in Barolo DOCG and Barbaresco DOCG?

A

Nebbiolo

69
Q

Where is Nebbiolo used?

A

Piemonte (Barolo and Barbaresco)

70
Q

Describe the region of Barolo DOCG

A

Horseshoe-shaped valley

Steep south-facing slopes (300-500 metres)

71
Q

What are the characteristics of Nebbiolo?

A

high acidity and tannins but little color

72
Q

What is the impact of altitude on the wine in Barolo DOCG?

A

Slow ripening thanks to altitude = flavors and aromas of sour cherries, herbs and dried flowers

Best years: full-bodied with high acidity and tannins + can develop in the bottle

73
Q

What are the aging conditions in Barolo DOCG?

A

Total aging: 3 years (36 months)

Oak aging: 18 months = half (either small oak barrels or larger casks)

74
Q

What are the aging conditions in Barbaresco DOCG?

A

Total aging: 2 years = 24 months

Oak aging: 9 months

75
Q

Describe the vineyards in Barbaresco DOCG compared to Barolo DOCG

A

South-facing slopes at lower altitude (200-400m)

Lower altitude + local river = Grapes ripen earlier than in Barolo

76
Q

Describe a Barbaresco DOCG wine compared to Barolo DOCG

A

Nebbiolo GV

Fruitier and less perfumed as in Barolo, but similar acidity and tannin levels (able to age in bottles)

77
Q

What are the most planted GV in Asti and Alba?

A

Barbera (black)

Dolcetto (black)

78
Q

What are the characteristics of Barbera?

A

Black GV

Late ripening grape, medium to deep color, low to medium tannins and high acidity + red cherries and plums + black pepper

79
Q

What are the characteristics of Dolcetto ?

A

Black GV

Earlier ripening than Nebbiolo and Barbera, can be planted in cooler sites
Deep, often purple color with medium to high tannins and medium acidity + black plums, red cherries and dried herbs

80
Q

In which appellations in Barbera used?

A

Barbera d’Alba DOC

Barbera d’Asti DOCG (higher quality)

81
Q

In which appellation is Dolcetto used?

A

Dolcetto d’Alba

82
Q

What is the grape variety in Gavi?

A

Cortese (white)

83
Q

What are the moderating influences in Gavi?

A

Altitude + Sea breeze

Long, slow ripening of the grapes

84
Q

What is the typical winemaking like in Gavi?

A

Protective winemaking = norm

- Cool fermentation in stainless steel 
- Old oak vessels can be used for fermentation + lees stirring to add complexity

Most of the wine is made to be drunk young but best examples can age in the bottle for years

85
Q

What are the characteristics of Cortese? What type of wine is produced with it?

A

White GV

Slow, long ripening - retains high acidity and floral character

Pale and light-bodied, high acidity and aromas, citrus + green apples + pears

86
Q

What is the most important wine producing region in Central Italy?

A

Tuscany

87
Q

What is the most important GV in Tuscany?

A

Sangiovese

88
Q

What are the characteristics of Sangiovese (grape growing and winemaking)?

A

Wines with high acidity and tannins,

needs a warm climate (late-ripening)

Red cherries, plums + dried herbs

Usually aged in oak to soften the tannins + add spicy notes (both small and large oak casks)

Develops meaty and gamey aromas with bottle age

89
Q

Where is Chianti located?

A

Foothills of the Apennines mountains - Tuscany

90
Q

What is the main GV used in Chianti?

A

Sangiovese

91
Q

What is the difference between Chianti DOCG and Chianti Classico DOCG?

A

Chianti DOCG

- Used by producer of large volumes, source from the greater region
- Subzones are possible for higher quality Chianti

Chianti Classico DOCG

- Not a subzone of Chianti DOCG
- Higher vinyards  = slower ripening of Sangiovese = greater acidity + more herbal aromas

WSET3 - Julie (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions