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Wine > Italian Wine Law/Northern Italy > Flashcards

Italian Wine Law/Northern Italy Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the DOC system established and why?

A

1963 as a means of formalizing and protecting Italian wine appellations.

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2
Q

When was the DOCG system introduced, when was the first awarded and what was it?

A 
1963
1980
Brunello di Montalcino
Barolo
Vino Nobile de Montepulciano
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3
Q

What is a main difference between DOCs and AOCs?

A

Many DOCs have minimum aging requirements while AOCs do not.

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4
Q

What was the biggest problem with the DOC system?

A

Over time, the system became unwieldy and too lenient; yields and geographical restrictions became too generous. Hundreds of DOC zones were established, leading to consumer confusion. Even the DOCG category, which should only include the recognizable benchmarks of Italian wine, was watered down by such unlikely promotions as Romagna Albana.

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5
Q

What did producers do in the 1970’s and 1980’s to get away from the corrupt DOC system?

A

Use the Vino da Tavola designation

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6
Q

What is Goria’s Law?

A

This law established the category of Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT), a more relaxed regulation, offering winemakers wider freedoms. The first IGTs appeared in 1994. IGT wines are often varietally labeled, and IGT wines range from basic quality to some of Italy’s most sought-after bottles. Today, IGT wines are considered PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) by the European Union, whereas DOC and DOCG wines are considered PDO (Protected Designation of Origin), on par with France’s AOC/AOP. IGT status may be used as a springboard to DOC, and regions recognized as DOC for at least five years may apply for DOCG status.

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7
Q

What is Vino da Tavola called now?

A

Vino

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8
Q

What does Piedmont mean?

A

Foot of the Mountain

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9
Q

What mountains cradle Piedmont?

A

Apennines and Alps

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10
Q

What river flows through Piedmont and where does it start?

A

Po River, Western Alps

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11
Q

Where does most of the growing occur in Piedmont and why?

A

Foothills of the Po valley. The river creates a fertile valley that won’t support grapes.

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12
Q

What are the 3 provinces in Piedmont that grow most of the grapes

A

Asti
Alessandria
Cuneo

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13
Q

What hills within these provinces are good for growing grapes?

A

Monferatto

Langhe

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14
Q

What is Sori?

A

South facing exposure in Piedmontese dialect

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15
Q

What are the three major red grapes of Piedmont?

A

Barbera
Dolcetto
Nebbiolo

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16
Q

Of the three major red grapes what is the earliest to ripen?

A

Dolcetto

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17
Q

6 Lesser Known Red Grapes of Piedmont

A 
Brachetto
Grignolino
Ruchè
Croatina
Vespolina
Freisa
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18
Q

16 DOCGs of Piedmont

A 
Alta Langa DOCG	
Asti DOCG	
Barbaresco DOCG	
Barbera d'Asti DOCG
Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG	
Barolo DOCG	
Brachetto d'Acqui (Acqui) DOCG	 
Dogliani DOCG	
Dolcetto di Diano d' Alba/Diano d' Alba DOCG	
Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore (Ovada) DOCG	
Erbaluce di Caluso/Caluso DOCG	
Gattinara DOCG	
Gavi (Cortese di Gavi) DOCG	
Ghemme DOCG	
Nizza DOCG	
Roero DOCG	
Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG
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19
Q

How many DOCs are in Piedmont?

A

40

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20
Q

What province are Barolo and Barbaresco in?

A

Cuneo

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21
Q

What river runs through Barolo and Barbaresco?

A

Tanaro

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22
Q

11 Communes of Barolo

A

Entirely included in DOCG: Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga d’Alba
Partially included in DOCG: Monforte d’Alba, La Morra, Diano d’Alba, Novello, Verduno, Grinzane Cavour, Cherasco, Roddi

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23
Q

90% of Barolo included in these 5 townships

A 
Barolo
Castiglione Falletto
Serralunga d'Alba
Monforte d'Alba
La Morra
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24
Q

What is Tortonian Soil?

A

Tortonian soils contain a higher proportion of calcareous marl

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25
Q

Where in Barolo do you find Tortonian Soil, and how does it effect the wine?

A

La Morra
Barolo
Softer Style of Wine

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26
Q

What are Serravallian soils?

A

Sandstone

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27
Q

Where are there Serrafallian soils in Barolo and how does it effect the wine?

A

Monforte d’Alba
Castiglione Falletto
Serralunga d’Alba
More structured and tannic

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28
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barolo?

A

Barolo must be aged at least 38 months from November 1 of the harvest year, but only 18 months need be in oak

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29
Q

What is the aging requirements for Barolo Riserva?

A

62 months total, 18 months in oak

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30
Q

Examples of traditional Barolo producers

A

Giacomo Conterno
Bartolo Mascarello
Giuseppe Rinaldi

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31
Q

Examples of modern Barolo producers

A

Paolo Scavino
Luciano Sandrone
Elio Altare

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32
Q

3 Towns of Barbaresco

A

Barbaresco
Neive
Treiso

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33
Q

Aging requirements for Barbaresco

A

2 years, 9 months in oak

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34
Q

Aging requirements for Barbaresco Riserva

A

4 years, 9 months in oak

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35
Q

When were crus officially allowed to be labeled in Barbaresco? Barolo?

A

2007, 2010

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36
Q

Where is Roero?

A

Roero lies on the northwestern bank of the Tanaro River, opposite Barolo and Barbaresco.

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37
Q

Soils of Roero

A

Sandy

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38
Q

What do the soils of Roero do to the wine?

A

Provide a lighter style of Nebbiolo than Barolo or Barbaresco.

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39
Q

What percentage of Roero DOCG red must be Nebbiolo?

A

95%

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40
Q

Where are Gattinara and Ghemme DOCGs?

A

In the hills north of the Po River.

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41
Q

What river do Gattinara and Ghemme straddle?

A

Sesia River

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42
Q

What is Nebbiolo known as in Gattinara and Ghemme?

A

Spanna

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43
Q

What are the two grapes that can be blended with Nebbiolo in Gattinara and in what percentage?

A

Bonarda di Gattinara and Vespolina. 10% total, no more than 4% Vespolina.

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44
Q

What are the two grapes that can be blended with Nebbiolo in Ghemme?

A

Uva Rara (Bonarda Novarese) and Vespolina. 15% total

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45
Q

Where are Lessona and Sizzano DOC?

A

Produces similar Nebbiolo blends to Ghemme and Gattinara, 85% Nebbiolo in Lessona with remainder being Uva Rara and Vespolina. 50%-70% Nebbiolo in Sizzano, 30%-50% Uva Rara and Vespolina and Max 10% other aromatic red varietals suitable for growing in the area.

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46
Q

What and where is Carema?

A

Carema near the border of the Valle d’Aosta produces fragrant Nebbiolo wines, especially in warmer vintages.

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47
Q

When were the two Barbera DOCGs established and what and where are they?

A

2008
Monferrato hills east of the Langhe
Barbera d’Asti DOCG
Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG

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48
Q

Aging requirements for Barbera Asti

A

Barbera d’Asti: 4 months from November 1 of the harvest year
Barbera d’Asti Superiore: 14 months from November 1 of the harvest year, including at least 6 months in oak
Barbera d’Asti Superiore Tinella: 24 months from October 1 of the harvest year, including at least 6 months in wood and 6 months in bottle
Barbera d’Asti Superiore Colli Astiani: 24 months from October 1 of the harvest year, including at least 6 months in wood and 6 months in bottle

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49
Q

Barbera del Monferrato Superiore Blend

A

minimum 85% Barbera, combined maximum 15% of Freisa, Grignolino, Dolcetto

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50
Q

When was Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG established and where is it?

A

2010

Monferrato Hills

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51
Q

Nizza DOCG Blend

A

100% Barbera

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52
Q

When was Nizza DOCG approved

A

2014

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53
Q

3 100% Dolcetto DOCGs

A

Dogliani
Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore (Ovada)
Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba (Diano d’Alba)

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54
Q

Which Dolcetto DOCG has to be Superiore to be DOCG?

A

Dolcetto di Ovada

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55
Q

Which Dolcetto DOCG is allowed to add menzioni geografiche aggiuntive (Specific Sites) to the label and how many are there?

A

Diano d’Alba DOCG

77

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56
Q

First still white wine DOCG in Piedmont and when was it established?

A

Gavi (Cortese di Gavi DOCG)

1998

57
Q

Gavi Riserva Aging requirements

A

1 year, 6 months on the Lees

58
Q

White wine DOCG just south of Carema

A

Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG

59
Q

When was Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG elevated from DOC

A

2010

60
Q

What are the styles of Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG?

A

Still
Spumante
Passito

61
Q

Minimum alcohol for Passito

A

17% natural total alcohol after drying

62
Q

Largest producing appellation of DOCG wine in Italy and how much is produced?

A

Asti/Moscato d’Asti

650,000 hl+/year

63
Q

Grape Variety of Asti DOCG

A

Moscato Bianco blended from across southern Piedmont

64
Q

How is Asti made?

A

Charmat

65
Q

What is the difference between Asti and Moscato d’Asti?

A

Moscato d’Asti is more artisanal, made from riper grapes only slightly sparkling (frizzante) as opposed to fully sparkling (spumante)

66
Q

Maximum atmospheres for Moscato d’Asti

A

2 (Raised from 1.7 in 2011)

67
Q

Alcohol range of Moscato d’Asti

A

4.5%-6.5%

68
Q

Where in Piedmont are traditional method wines made?

A

Alta Langa DOCG

69
Q

Blend of Alta Langa DOCG

A

90% Chardonnay and/or Pinot Noir

10% Non-aromatic varietals suitable for cultivation in Piedmont

70
Q

Alta Langa Spumante Aging Requirements

A

30 Months

3 Years Riserva

71
Q

Valle d’Aosta DOC sub regions

A 
Arnad-Montjovet
Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle
Chambave
Donnas
Enfer d’Arvier
Nus
Torrette
72
Q

Valle d’Aosta Climate

A

Continental, Long cold winters, short hot summers

73
Q

Petit Rouge grape is primary grape in what sub regions?

A

Torrette
Chambave
Enfer d’Arvier

74
Q

What is Nebbiolo called in Valle d’Aosta?

A

Picotendro

75
Q

Where is Picotendro a large portion of the blend?

A

Donnas

Arnad-Montjovet

76
Q

Blanc de Morgex is also called what?

A

Prie

77
Q

Where is Prie grown and what type of wines does it make?

A

Slopes of Mont Blanc in some of the highest elevation vineyards in Europe to make still and sparkling wines.

78
Q

Popular grapes allowed to be varietally labeled in Valle d’Aosta

A 
Petit Arvine
Gamay
Petit Rouge
Fumin
Premetta (Premetta is usually bottled as rosé)
79
Q

Minimum Percentage of Varietal in Varietal Designated wines in Valle d’Aosta

A

85%

80
Q

Capital of Lombardy

A

Milan

81
Q

Most important DOCG zone in Lombardy

A

Franciacorta

82
Q

Still wines of Franciacorta can be released under what appellations?

A

Curtefranca (formerly Terre di Franciacorta) DOC

Sebino IGT

83
Q

Who spearheaded Franciacorta Appellation

A

Guido Berlucchi, whose house released the first modern sparkling wines and Maurizio Zanella of Ca’Del Bosco

84
Q

In what decade did Guido Berlucchi release his first sparkling wines?

A

1960’s

85
Q

Prestige Cuvee of Ca’Del Bosco

A

Annamaria Clementi

86
Q

When was the DOCG for Metodo Classico in Franciacorta approved?

A

1995

87
Q

Permitted Grape Varieties in Franciacorta

A 
Chardonnay
Pinot Nero (Noir)
maximum 50% Pinot Bianco
88
Q

Time on lees and release date for DOCG Franciacorta

A

minimum 18 months on Lees

released no earlier than 25 months after harvest

89
Q

Stipulations for wines labeled “Saten”

A

All white grapes, bottled at less than 5 atmospheres, as opposed to 5-6 atmospheres for regular bottlings

90
Q

How is Franciacorta Rose produced?

A

Minimum 25% Pinot Nero, produced by blending as opposed to saignee

91
Q

VIntage Franciacorta release date and percentage of vintage

A

Minimum 37 months

85% from stated Vintage

92
Q

Vintage Reserve Franciacorta Aging

A

5 years on lees

released 67 months after harvest

93
Q

Other sparkling DOCG in Lombardy

A

Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG

94
Q

Grapes of Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG

A

at least 70% Pinot Nero, labeled varietally if 85% of the blend

95
Q

Oltrepo Pavese DOC

A

Still wines from the region

96
Q

Aging of Oltreop Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG

A

15 months on Lees for NV

24 months for Vintage

97
Q

Nebbiolo appellation in Lombardy

A

Valtellina, north of Franciacorta

98
Q

Nebbiolo is called this in Valtellina

A

Chiavennasca

99
Q

Style of Nebbiolo in Valtellina

A

Light and Angular

100
Q

Subzones of Valtellina Superiore DOCG

A 
Valgella
Inferno
Grumello
Sassella
Maroggia
101
Q

Aging for Valtellina Superiore DOCG

A

24 Months, 12 in Cask

102
Q

Aging for Valtellina Superiore Riserva DOCG

A

3 Years

103
Q

Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG

A

Valtellina made in a similar style to recioto called Sfurzato, grapes are dried to produce no more than half of the juice of fully ripe Nebbiolo grapes. Resulting wine is fermented dry to no less than 14% alcohol and aged for 2 years.

104
Q

Where is Moscato di Scanzo DOCG?

A

Surrounding the town of Bergamo west of Franciacorta.

105
Q

What type of wine is Moscato di Scanzo DOCG?

A

Sweet, passito wines made from Red Moscato Grapes, aged a minimum of two years without any oak.

106
Q

Name for Vermentino in Liguria

A

Pigato

107
Q

Successful Pigato DOCs

A

Colli di Luni DOC

Riviera Ligure di Ponente DOC

108
Q

Riviera Ligure di Ponente DOC Red Grape

A

Rossese

109
Q

Grape of Cinque Terre DOC

A

Bosco

110
Q

Style of Cinque Terre DOC

A

Light, Basic

111
Q

Italy’s first white wine DOCG

A

Romagna Albana

112
Q

Grape and location of Colli Bolognesi Pignoletto

A

Grechetto

Surrounds Bologna

113
Q

What is Pignoletto?

A

Pignoletto was a commonly accepted synonym for Grechetto, a grape popular in nearby Umbria. But with the creation of the Pignoletto DOC, Pignoletto, like Prosecco, became an appellation. Producers outside of the DOC/DOCG area are barred from using the name on varietal labels.

114
Q

Multi-Regional DOC that encapsulates Trentino-Alto Adige and Verona

A

Valdadige DOC

115
Q

Subzone in NE Alto Adige gaining recognition for high quality wines

A

Valle Isarco

116
Q

Grapes frequently used in Valle Isarco

A

Silvaner
Veltliner
Kerner

117
Q

What is Kerner

A

a modern Schiava Grossa x Riesling crossing

118
Q

Predominant red grape of Trentino-Alto Adige

A

Schiava

119
Q

Type of wine made from Schiava

A

Lighter Red

120
Q

Best geographical appellation for Schiava

A

Santa Maddelena (St-Magdalena)

121
Q

Grapes blended in Casteller DOC

A

minimum 50% Merlot,
maximum 50%, combined or separate, Schiava Grossa, Schiava Gentile, Lambrusco a Foglia Frastagliata (Enantio), Lagrein, Teroldego

122
Q

Best growing area for Lagrein

A

Flat growing area of Gries

123
Q

Blend of Valpolicella DOC

A

45-95% Corvina (Corvinone may substitute for up to 50%)
5-30% Rondinella
Maximum 25% other red grapes (no single variety may comprise more than 10% of the blend)
Of this 25%, a maximum 15% are non-aromatic red grapes suitable for cultivation in Verona, and a maximum 10% are native Italian red grapes suitable for cultivation in Verona

124
Q

Blend of Amarone DOCG

A

45-95% Corvina (Corvinone may substitute for up to 50%)
5-30% Rondinella
Maximum 25% other red grapes (no single variety may comprise more than 10% of the blend)
Of this 25%, a maximum 15% are non-aromatic red grapes suitable for cultivation in Verona, and a maximum 10% are native Italian red grapes suitable for cultivation in Verona

125
Q

Blend of Bardolino DOC

A

minimum 35% - 80% Corvina Veronese (Cruina or Corvina) of which 20% may be replaced by Corvinone,
10% - 40% Rondinella,
maximum 15% Molinara.
May also include up to 20% other non-aromatic grapes suitable for cultivation in Verona of which no single grape may exceed 10%

126
Q

Where is Valpolicella Classico?

A

Western part of the appellation near the shores of Lake Garda

127
Q

What is recioto and when did it originate?

A

Drying of grapes to be fermented and it was the precursor to modern Valpolicella and Amarone

128
Q

What are the lofts called that are used to dry grapes for recioto?

A

fruttai

129
Q

Difference between Recioto della Valpolicella and Amarone

A

Recioto is dried for additional time and will end up a sweeter wine while Amarone is fermented to dryness or near dryness.

130
Q

How long does Amarone age before release?

A

Minimum two years after January 1st after harvest

131
Q

What is Valpolicella Ripasso?

A

Finally granted its own DOC in 2010 as well, is a steppingstone in style between Valpolicella and Amarone: a wine “re-passed” over and re-fermented with the unpressed skins of grapes previously fermented for Amarone or Recioto wine.

132
Q

Where is Bardolino?

A

Eastern shores of Lake Garda west of Valpolicella Classico

133
Q

Blend of Soave DOC

A

min. 70% Garganega,
max. 30% combined Trebbiano di Soave and Chardonnay; plus max 5% other white non-aromatic grapes suitable for cultivation in Verona.

134
Q

Minimum RS Recioto di Soave DOCG

A

70 g/l

135
Q

Blend of Gambellara DOC

A

minimum 80% Garganega, maximum 20% Pinot Bianco, Chardonnay, Trebbiano di Soave

136
Q

Three notable indigenous red grapes of Friuli

A

Refosco
Schioppettino
Pignolo

137
Q

What grape is Refosco closely related to?

A

Mondeuse

138
Q

Blend of Friuli Colli Orientali DOC labeled as Cabernet

A

min. 85% combined Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and/or Carmenère
max. 15% other red grapes suitable for production in the Udine province

Wine (14 decks)

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