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Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

Comtes Audoin de Dampierre Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Chenay
“Presitge”
100% Chardonnay

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2
Q

What other factors aided the boom of Champagne?

A

Glass and Cork Technology

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3
Q

Blanc de Blancs

A

100% Chardonnay is required, but it is not always sourced from the Côte des Blancs. They may be vintage-dated or NV. The Blanc de Blancs category represents some of Champagne’s most ageworthy bottlings; while austere and often steely in youth, better examples develop an intense bouquet with maturity.

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4
Q

What did Jean-Antoine Chaptal discover and when?

A

Relationship between sugar and fermentation in 1801

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5
Q

5 districts of Champagne

A

Montagne de Reims, Vallée de la Marne, Côte des Blancs, Côte de Sézanne, and the Côte des Bars (the Aube)

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6
Q

CM (Coopérative Manipulant)

A

A growers’ co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand

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7
Q

Are yields generally higher or lower than other appellations in France?

A

Higher

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8
Q

Lanson Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A 
Reims
"Noble Cuvée"
(Brut, Blanc de Blancs, NV Rosé)
Brut. 60-70% Chardonnay, 30-40% Pinot Noir  
Rosé: 62% Chardonnay 32% Pinot Noir
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9
Q

Billecart-Salmon Vilage, Prestige Cuvee and Blend

A

Mareuil-sur-Ay

“Nicolas François Billecart”
60% Pinot Noir, 40% Chardonnay

“Grande Cuvée”:
60% Pinot Noir, 40% Chardonnay

“Elisabeth Salmon Rosé”
58% Pinot Noir, 42% Chardonnay

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10
Q

Alfred Gatien Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Epernay
“Cuvée Paradis” NV
(Brut and Brut Rosé)
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

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11
Q

Who was the Veuve Cliquot?

A

Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin

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12
Q

Hubert Dauvergne Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Bouzy
“Fine Fleur de Bouzy”
100% Pinot Noir

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13
Q

How many Villages are Grand Cru? Premier Cru?

A

17 Grand Cru, 42 Premier Cru

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14
Q

What does Pinot Noir bring to a blend?

A

Pinot Noir supports the wine’s structure, richness and body

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15
Q

Non-Vintage

A

Generally brut in style, the NV cuvée represents a house’s signature style, and the blender’s job is to ensure its consistency from year to year. Non-vintage Champagne makes up at least three-quarters of the market.

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16
Q

Why do you not see many old vines in Champagne?

A

Lowered yields are undesirable to bigger houses

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17
Q

Sec RS

A

17-32 g/l

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18
Q

Vintage

A

100% of the blend must come from the stated vintage, yet a maximum 80% of a year’s harvest may be sold as vintage Champagne. The better houses declare a vintage only in exceptional years. These are usually brut in style, and good examples can age for a decade or more.

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19
Q

Louis Roederer Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A 
Reims
"Cristal"
(Brut and Brut Rosé) 	
Cristal Brut: 55% Pinot Noir,
45% Chardonnay (approx.)
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20
Q

Guy Larmandier Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Vertus
“Cramant Grand Cru Cuvée Prestige”
100% Chardonnay

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21
Q

Where did Dom Perignon work?

A

Abbey de Hautvillers

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22
Q

Joseph Perrier, Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Chalons-en-Champagne
“Cuvée Joséphine”
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

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23
Q

Canard Duchene Village, Prestige Cuvee

A

Ludes
“Charles VII” NV
(Brut, Brut Rosé, Blanc de Blancs, and Blanc de Noirs)

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24
Q

In what percentages are the three main grapes planted

A

In 2012, Pinot Noir accounted for 38% of total plantings, Chardonnay accounted for 30%, and Meunier accounted for 32%

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25
Q

Mean annual temperature of Champagne?

A

50 degrees Fahrenheit

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26
Q

Brut Nature/No Dosage RS

A

0-3 g/l with no dosage

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27
Q

Demi Sec RS

A

32-50 g/l

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28
Q

Piper-Heidsick Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Reims
“Rare”
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

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29
Q

Growers and wine makers from what region almost rioted after being left out of the delimitation?

A

Southern Aube

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30
Q

Blanc de Noirs

A

White wine produced solely from black grapes. The wine usually displays richness, intensity, and weight, although it can lack the supreme elegance and finesse of Blanc de Blancs.

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31
Q

Grand Cru Villages Cotes de Blancs

A 
Chouilly* (GC for white)	
Oiry*
Cramant	
Avize	
Oger*	
Le Mesnil-sur-Oger*
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32
Q

RC (Récoltant Coopérateur)

A

A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative, but sells the wine under his own label

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33
Q

Veuve Clicquot-Ponsardin Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

“La Grande Dame”
(Brut and Brut Rosé)
Brut: 60-65% Pinot Noir,
30-35% Chardonnay

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34
Q

Why do most growers sell their grapes in Champagne?

A

The process of creating sparkling wine is too expensive

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35
Q

How is cru status awarded in Champagne?

A

To entire villages as opposed to vineyards

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36
Q

What did Verve Cliquot pioneer under her leadership?

A

Riddling (Remuage)

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37
Q

De Meric Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Ay
“Catherine de Médicis”
50% Chardonnay
50% Pinot Noir

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38
Q

Laurent-Perrier Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A 
Tours-sur-Marne
"Grand Siècle"
(typically NV)
50% Chardonnay,
50% Pinot Noir (approx.)

“Alexandra” (Vintage Rosé)
80% Pinot Noir,
20% Chardonnay

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39
Q

Oldest sparkling Champagne house and when was it founded?

A

Ruinart, 1729

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40
Q

Doux

A

50+ g/l

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41
Q

What is the only AOC/AOP region that does not need to include Appellation Contrôlée (or Protégée) on the label?

A

Champagne

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42
Q

Bruno Paillard Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Reims
“Nec-Plus-Ultra”
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

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43
Q

Jacques Selosse Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Avize
“Substance” NV
100% Chardonnay

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44
Q

Extra Brut RS

A

0-6 g/l

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45
Q

What happened in the 1914 vintage?

A

Women and Children brought in the harvest despite being bombarded by German Artillery, Leading to one of the best vintages in the history of Champagne

46
Q

Oldest Champagne house, and when was it founded?

A

Gosset, 1584 as a still wine producer

47
Q

AR Lenoble Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Chouilly
“Cuvée Les Aventures” (NV),
“Cuvée Gentilhomme” (Vintage)
100% Chardonnay (both)

48
Q

Bollinger Village, Prestige Cuvee and Blend

A 
Ay
"La Grande Année",
 "R.D.",
"Vieilles Vignes Françaises" 	
 100% Pinot Noir
49
Q

What is special about Belemnite Chalk?

A

It is porous, and absorbs heat during the day, derived from the fossilized remains of millions of extinct cephalopods, has a high limestone content, which allows vine roots to dig deeply and is linked to increased acidity

50
Q

What three towns are most of the bigger houses of Champagne located in?

A

Reims, Ay, Epernay

51
Q

G.H. Mumm Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Reims
“Cuvée R. Lalou”
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

52
Q

RM (Récoltant Manipulant)

A

A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit. 95% of the grapes must originate in the producer’s own vineyards.

53
Q

Charles Heidsick Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Reims
“Blanc des Millénaires”
100% Chardonnay

54
Q

Taittinger Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A 
Reims
"Comtes de Champagne"
(Blanc de Blancs and Rosé)
"Taittinger Collection"	
Rosé: 70% Pinot Noir, 30% Chardonnay 
Collection: 50% Chardonnay 50% Pinot Noir
55
Q

In what districts is Pinot Noir the dominant grape?

A

Montagne de Reims and the Aube

56
Q

In what year did the French government delimit the Champagne Region?

A

1908

57
Q

Chartogne-Taillet Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Merfy
“Fiacre”
60% Chardonnay,
40% Pinot Noir

58
Q

What covers chalk in Champagne in a thin layer?

A

Clay and sand

59
Q

Only Grand Cru in Montagne de Reims that doesn’t plant a majority Pinot Noir

A

Sillery, 57% Chardonnay

60
Q

Drappier Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Urville
“Charles du Gaulle”
80% Pinot Noir, 20% Chardonnay

61
Q

Why are most Champagnes non vintage?

A

Because of invariable ripening and unpredictability of vintages

62
Q

Bonnaire Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Cramant
“Cuvée Prestige”
100% Chardonnay

63
Q

What kind of soil is found in the valleys of Champagne?

A

micraster chalk, named for an extinct sea urchin

64
Q

Moet et Chandon Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A 
Epernay
"Dom Pérignon",
"Dom Pérignon  Oenothèque"
(both Brut/Brut Rosé)
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
65
Q

Diebolt-Vallois Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Cramant
“Fleur de Passion”
100% Chardonnay

66
Q

Delamotte Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
“Nicolas Louis Delamotte”
90% Chardonnay and 10% Pinot Noir
(No Longer Produced)

67
Q

Jacquesson Village

A

Dizy

68
Q

Still wine appellations of Champagne

A

Coteaux Champenois and Rosé de Riceys are still wine appellations within the region of Champagne. Coteaux Champenois covers still red, white, and rosé wines from the entire appellation; Rosé de Riceys is reserved for 100% Pinot Noir rosé wines produced in Les Riceys, a cru village in the Aube.

69
Q

Ayala Village, Prestige Cuvee and Blend

A

Ay
“Cuvée Perle d’Ayala” (Brut and Nature)
80% Chardonnay, 20% Pinot Noir

70
Q

Boizel Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Epernay
“Joyau de France” (Brut and Brut Rosé)
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

71
Q

Prestige Cuvee

A

Usually the finest and most expensive bottling that a house offers, the prestige cuvée is typically (but not always) vintage-dated and aged for a number of years prior to release. Prestige Cuvées are usually only released in superior vintages, and may undergo more traditional vinification procedures, such as barrel fermentation, riddling by hand, and cork-finishing during the second fermentation. Many of the large houses produce prestige cuvées from their own vineyards—even single vineyards in exceptional cases.

72
Q

Gosset Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Formerly Ay, now Epernay as of 2010
“Celebris”
(Blanc de Blancs NV, Vintage Extra Brut Rosé and Vintage Extra Brut)
“Celebris” Extra Brut: Pinot Noir and Chardonnay (blends vary widely with vintage.)

73
Q

Perrier-Jouet Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A 
Epernay
"Belle Époque/Fleur de Champagne (USA)"
(Brut, Brut Rosé, and Blanc de Blancs) 	
Brut: 50% Chardonnay,
45% Pinot Noir,
5% Meunier
74
Q

Henriot Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Reims
“Cuvée des Enchanteleurs”
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

75
Q

In what two districts is Chardonnay dominant?

A

Cote de Sezanne and almost exclusively planted in the Cote de Blancs

76
Q

Where are the vineyards planted in the Montagne de Reims and why?

A

The vineyards of the Montagne de Reims are, surprisingly, divided between south- and north-facing slopes. The plain beneath the northern Montagne de Reims is too cold for viticulture, but the higher slopes of the region’s plateau enjoy a pocket of warm air that allows the grapes to ripen

77
Q

Rules for “Special Club Wines”

A

The “Special Club” is the top-of-the-range, prestige cuvée for all members
The Club Trésors will declare a vintage as being worthy of “Special Club” prestige cuvées, then each member may decide individually whether or not to produce a “Special Club” wine
All base wines and finished “Special Club” wines must undergo tasting analysis
All “Special Club” bottles share an identical label and bottle shape

78
Q

Requirements for membership in Club Trésors de Champagne

A

Viticulture must occur on the estate (only RM producers may join)
Vinification and bottling must occur on the estate
Members must respect and uphold the Club’s charter

79
Q

ND (Négociant Distributeur)

A

A middleman company that distributes Champagne it did not make

80
Q

Paul Dethune Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Ambonnay
“Brut Prestige” (NV)
50% Pinot Noir, 50% Chardonnay

81
Q

Seven AOP Regions for Cremant

A 
Crémant de Bordeaux
Crémant de Bourgogne
Crémant de Loire
Crémant de Limoux
Crémant de Die
Crémant du Jura
Crémant d’Alsace
82
Q

Ruinart Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Reims
“Dom Ruinart”
(Blanc de Blancs and Rosé)
Rosé: 85% Chardonnay, 15% Pinot Noir

83
Q

Extra Dry RS

A

12-17 g/l

84
Q

Grand Cru Villages Vallee de la Marne

A

Ay

Tours-sur-Marne

85
Q

When did Phylloxera strike Champagne?

A

1890’s

86
Q

NM (Négociant Manipulant)

A

A house that purchases grapes and or base wines from growers and other smaller houses. Some NM houses own a significant portion of their own vineyards; others own none at all. Large Champagne houses with the most international presence are invariably in this category: Moët et Chandon, Louis Roederer, Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin, Billecart-Salmon, Lanson, Taittinger, Pol Roger, Perrier-Jouët, Mumm, and Laurent-Perrier. Quality varies widely, although prices are uniformly high. Many houses often fall under the same corporate parentage; for example, Moët et Chandon, Krug, Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin, and Mercier fall under the umbrella of the luxury conglomerate LVMH.

87
Q

Who discovered the precise amount of sugar needed to create a second fermentation without breaking the bottle?

A

Andre Francois

88
Q

Pol Roger Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Epernay
“Cuvée Sir Winston Churchill”
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

89
Q

Three main grapes of Champagne

A

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Pinot Meunier

90
Q

What is the dominant soil type in the Aube?

A

Clay

91
Q

Ployez-Jaquemart Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Ludes
“Liesse d’Harbonville”
70% Chardonnay, 30% Pinot Noir

92
Q

Henri Billiot Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Ambonnay
“Cuvée Laetitia” (NV)
“Cuvée Julie” (NV)
“Cuvée Laetitia”: Predominantly Chardonnay
“Cuvée Julie”: 50% Pinot Noir, 50% Chardonnay

93
Q

SR (Société de Récoltants)

A

A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands.

94
Q

In what district is Pinot Meunier dominant and why?

A

Meunier is heavily cultivated in the sheltered vineyards of the frost-prone Vallée de la Marne, where its tendency to bud late and ripen early is prized by growers

95
Q

Grand Cru Villages of Montagne de Reims

A 
Sillery	
Puisieulx	
Beaumont-Sur-Vesle
Verzenay	
Mailly-Champagne	
Verzy*	
Louvois	
Bouzy	
Ambonnay
96
Q

Duval-Leroy Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

Vertus
“Femme de Champagne”
89% Chardonnay, 11% Pinot Noir

97
Q

Pommery, Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A 
Reims
"Cuvée Louise"
(Brut and Brut Rosé) 	
Brut: 60% Chardonnay,
40% Pinot Noir
98
Q

Vilmart & Cie Village, Prestige Cuvee, Blend

A

“Coeur de Cuvée”

80% Chardonnay, 20% Pinot Noir

99
Q

What does Chardonnay bring to a blend?

A

Chardonnay provides elegance and longevity

100
Q

What type of soil is found on the slopes of Champagne?

A

Belemnite Chalk

101
Q

Single Vineyard Champagne

A

Single Vineyard Champagne bottlings may be produced by a large house or a smaller grower-producer, and may or may not be advertised as a prestige cuvée. Single Vineyard wines are not required to carry a vintage date, although they invariably do, and the style represents a stark departure from the blending philosophy of the region. Philipponnat’s “Clos de Goisses,” originally released for the 1935 vintage from one of the few walled vineyards of the region, remains a benchmark bottling.

102
Q

Brut RS

A

0-12 g/l

103
Q

What happened the number of villages allowed to provide grapes to Champagne in 2009?

A

It increased from 319 to 357 to keep up with world wide demand

104
Q

What is bouvreux and why does it happen?

A

Second crop that happens when rain interrupts flowering

105
Q

Dom Perignon influence in winemaking?

A

Blending (Assemblage), Viticulture

106
Q

Who put the first Brut Champagne on the market and when?

A

Pommery, 1874

107
Q

How does the Echelles de Crus work?

A

Each village is given a rating between 0 and 100. 100 is a Grand Cru village and will receive 100 percent of the price set. 90-99 is Premier cru and will receive the percentage of the price equal to their rating. Below 90 is simply a cru.

108
Q

MA (Marque d’Acheteur)

A

A buyer’s own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label

109
Q

What does Pinot Meaner bring to a blend?

A

youthful fruitiness and approachability

110
Q

What other 4 grapes are allowed in certain parts of Champagne?

A

Pinot Blanc Vrai (“true” Pinot Blanc, a white form of Pinot Noir), Arbane, Pinot Gris, and Petit Meslier

Wine (14 decks)

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