Italian Unification Flashcards
Congress of Vienna
June 1815- restored European powers
Troppau Protocol
1820- signed between Austria, Prussia and Russia- collective action against revolution
Where did uprisings occur in 1831?
Modena, Parma and the Papal States
When was Young Italy founded?
March 1831
Who was elected in June 1846?
Pope Pius IX
When was the Milan tobacco boycott?
January 1848
Where were liberal constitutions granted in February 48?
Tuscany and Sicily
Who granted the Statuto?
Charles Albert
5 Days of Milan
17-22 March 1848- forced Radetzsky to withdraw to Quadrilateral
2 things that happened 22nd March 1848
Venetian Rep. declared
Piedmont declared war o Austria
Papal Allocution
29 April 1848- Pope sides with Austria in war, condemns Piedmont/nationalist cause
Battle of Custoza
24 July 1848- Austrian victory
Armistice of Solasco
11 August 1848
PM Rossi was murdered when and where?
November 1848 in Rome
Fall of the Roman Republic?
3 July 1849
Cavour made PM?
November 1852
Battle of Chernaya Rechka
August 1855- Piedmontese involvement in Crimea
Congress of Paris
Feb 1856- Piedmont joins European powers
Orsini Affair
January 1858- Orsini tries to assassiate Napoleon and then appeals to him re nationalist cause
Plombieres meeting?
July 1858- Cavour and Napoleon agree to support each other in war against Austria
2nd War of Independence declared
29 April 1859
2 main battles of 2nd War
Solferino and Magenta- huge losses
Treaty of Villafranca
11 July 1859- Lombardy given to Piedmont, done behind Cavour’s back by Napoleon
Treaty of Turin
21 January 1860- Nice and Savoy go to France
Garibaldi arrives at Marsala?
11 May 1860
Calatafimi
15 May- beat Neopolitan army
Palermo
29th May- G beats far larger army within 3 days
Garibaldi arrives at mainland
18 August
Garibaldi reaches Naples
7 September- given hero’s welcome with no conflict
Teano meeting
26 October- Garibaldi hands conquests to VE2
Kingdom of Italy declared
March 1861
Brigands War
1860-65- 120,000 soldiers against southerners- most bloody conflict of unification
Syllabus of Errors
1864- Pope condemns liberalism
Austro-Prussian War
June 1866
Italy declares war on Austria (1866)
20th June 1866
Two embarrassments against Austria..
Lissa and Custoza
Treaty of Prague
August 1866- Venetia ceded to Piedmont via France and Austria
Franco-Prussian War
July 1870- withdrawal of 20,000 troops from Rome
Italy take Rome
20 September 1870
Rome officially added to Italy
9 October 1870
Who ruled Piedmont in 1831?
Charles Albert- House Savoy
Who controlled Lombardy and Venetia?
Austria
Who ruled Parma in 1830?
Duchess Marie Louise (Napoleon’s wife)
Who ruled Tuscany in 1830?
Grand Duke Ferdinand III
Who ruled Modena in 1830?
Duke Francis VI
Who ruled the Papal States
Pope
Who ruled the 2 Sicilies in 1830
Ferdinand II- House Bourbon
Who planned the Modena uprisings 1831?
Enrico Misley
Who founded Young Italy?
Mazzini
Who wrote Le Speranze d’Italia?
Balbo- united Italy under Piedmont’s leadership
Neo Guelphism
Federal Italy led by Pope- Gioberti
Who resigned on 13 March 1848?
Metternich
Who did Cavour sign trade deals with?
Britain, Portugal, France, Belgium
Who was Cavour buddies with?
Napoleon III
Who united the South?
Garibaldi
By how much did cereal productivity increase 1825-55?
25%
By the end of the 1800s how many estates were in Piedmont?
800,000
How many people died from malaria each year?
330,000
How many km of railway was there by 1850?
620km
How many roads went South of Rome
2- 5/6 villages in Naples were connected by dirt tracks
By how much did GDP grow 1830-60?
0.5%
Population in 1800
17.8 million
Population in 1850
24 million
Average life expectancy
30
How many people died of cholera in Palermo 1837?
27000
What percentage spoke Italian 1871?
2.3%
Illiteracy rate
2/3
How many Carbonari members were there in Naples?
60,000
How many political prisoners were released after papal reform in 1847?
2000
How many people died of cholera in Sicily 1836?
65,000- 10% of population
How much did Austria get from the Lombardy tobacco tax?
5 million lire per year
How many people could vote under the Statuto?
2% of population
How many political exiles stayed in Piedmont due to the Statuto?
30,000
How much did Piedmontese trade grow by in the 1850s?
300%
How much of Italy’s 2404km of railway was in Piedmont in 1861?
40%
How much money was invested in railways by 1858?
280 million francs
What was Piedmontese debt by 1859?
725 million lire
How many troops went to Crimea?
15,000
How many troops did Napoleon promise at Plombieres?
200,000
How many troops did Piedmont gather for the 2nd War?
60,000
How many doctors per casualty were there at Solferino?
1 per 500- 40,000 casualties
How many people voted against unification in Emilia out of 430,000?
756
How many brigands were there in Naples 1862?
82,000
What was public debt by 1861?
2450 million lire- 60% expenditure
How many people died in 1869 macinato riots?
250
How many people voted against joining Italy in Venice?
69
What percentage of army officers were Piedmontese by 1870?
66%
What percentage of bureaucrats were in Rome?
10%
What was the under 5 child mortality rate in 1871?
50%
How many people left Italy in 1871?
120,000
By 1871, how many people could vote?
500,000- 2.2%