Germany Depth Study 2 Flashcards
When did SPD become biggest party
1912
Who was the only socialist to oppose war credits in August 1914
Karl Liebknecht out of 110 SP politicians
Burgfriede
Political truce- collective suffering for war effort
Augusterlebnis
Spirit of 1914
Kaiser quote August 1914
I know no parties, only Germans
Poems stat
1 million pro war poems written and sent to press August 1914
Turnip Winter
1916-17
How much of Germany’s food supply was imported?
33%
How many pigs were killed in 1915- impact
35%- led to meat prices rising and meat shortage
When were Junkers tax privileges rescinded?
1916
How many died of starvation
750,000
How many striked in Berlin April 1917
200,000
Number of casualties by 1917
2.5 million
Two silent dictators
Paul von Hindenberg and Erich Ludendorff
How many casualties at Verdun
20,000
Chancellor in 1916
Bethmann-Hollweg
Siegfrieden
Victory with substantial territory gains
Plan for victory?
Kreuznach programme
Unrestricted submarine warfare began when?
Spring 1917
Zimmerman telegram
Germany asked Mexico to attack US if they entered war. Intercepted by British
Lusitania 1915
Killed oer 1000
Russian Revolution?
February 1917
How many went on streets in Berlin inspired by Revolution
300,000
Chancellor appointed after Bethmann-Hollweg
George Michaelis
How many striked 1917
1.5 million
Who suggested peace resolution
Matthias Erzberger
What was majority for Peace Resolution
84
When was the Peace Resolution approved
19 July
When did Bethmann-Hollweg resign?
13 July
Vaterlandspartei
Nationalist party founded by Ludendorff
How many members did Vaterlandspartei have 1918
1 million
How many SPD members voted against war credits December 1915
20
Who was leader 1915
Haase
Who replaced Haase as SPD leader
Ebert
When was USPD created
April 1917
When were Luxemburg and Liebknecht imprisoned?
1916-1918
How many USPD members by January 1918
120,000
Treaty of Brest Litovsk
3 March 1917
Terms of Brest Litovsk
Russia ceded Poland, Lithuania, parts of Latvia, significant reparations
Black Day
8 August
29 September 1918
Bulgaria pull out of war
Appointed Chancellor 3 October
Prince Max von Baden
US president
Wilson
When were constitutional reforms passed
28 October 1918
When did Ludendorff resign
26 October
When did the Kaiser flee
29 October
Kiel mutiny?
29 October
Sailors refused to attack British fleet and demonstrated
Kurt Eisner
Declared independent Bavarian Republic 7 November 1918
9 November 1918
End of 1871 system
Kaiser abdicated
Ebert became chancellor
Who formed coalition 11 November
SPD and USPD
Armistice
11 November 1918
Philipp Scheidemann
Declared German Republic on 9 November
Ebert Groener Pact
Army would support Ebert if he didn’t reform amy
4 features of Freikorps
Violent
Right wing
Anti-Communist
Anti-democracy
Spartacist Uprising
10-13 January 1919
KPD formed
December 1918
How many murdered in Spartacist uprising?
156
Liebknecht and Luxemburg killed
15 January
How many people did the Freikorps kill in Berlin in early March 1919
1000
When was the Bavarian Soviet Republic defeated
April 1919
When did the first Weimar elections occur?
19 January 1919
Who won 76% of the vote
SPD, Centre Party, German Democratic Party
What % did SDP win
38%
What percentage did anti-Weimar German People’s Party win 1919
10.3%
Who was given job of creating the constitution
Hugo Preuss
How much had been raised via war bonds
10 billion marks
When was the Treaty of Versailles signed
June 1919
When was the Weimar constitution declared
11 August 1919
Votes per seat ratio
1 seat per 60,000 votes
