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Furnishings: Prehistoric to English > Italian Renaissance > Flashcards

Italian Renaissance Flashcards

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1
Q

Bifora

A

Mullioned window with two “lights”

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2
Q

Early Renaissance (date)

A

1400-1500

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3
Q

High Renaissance (date)

A

1500-1520

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4
Q

Late Renaissance (date)

A

1520-1600

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5
Q

Arno river

A
  • enabled trade
  • WWII destroyed most bridges except Ponte Vecchio
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6
Q

inspiration of Renaissance

A

based on classical inspiration, but developed into extreme asthetic originality

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7
Q

values during time

A

Class distinctions of the Middle Ages faded and were replaced by individualism.

Intelligence (regardless of class) had the opportunity to gain power

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8
Q

Proportion

A

Most important factor taken from antiquity. Everything was measured in human scale.

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9
Q

Art

A
  • supported by patrons of the arts (instead of churches)
  • this allowed artists less stress and more time to create art
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10
Q

Inventions

A
  • Gun powder
  • printing press
  • origins of modern science
  • perspective (in art)
  • Brunelleschi was inventor and first to apply perspective
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11
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A
  • military inventions
  • painting, engineering, architecture
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12
Q

Michelangelo

A
  • Sistine chapel ceiling
  • David sculpture
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13
Q

Raphael

A
  • Madonna in the Meadow
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14
Q

Filippo Brunelleschi

A
  • considered father of renaissance
  • trained as goldsmith and sculptor
  • father as perspecitve
  • created duomo
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15
Q

Duomo

A
  • Eight dome ribs are repeated on the lantern in the form of fluing buttresses
  • Architect Filippo Brunelleschi
  • one of the Earliest Renaissance constructions
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16
Q

Characteristics of architecture

A
  • Symmetry
  • Proportions
  • Simple and geometric with many circles and squares
  • Use of classical orders and round arches
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17
Q

Palazzo

A

Palace

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18
Q
A

Palazzo Medici

  • headquarters for the Medici Bank and home for Cosimo il Vecchio
  • over 70’ high
  • divided into three levels by string courses
  • Bifora windows
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19
Q

Piano Nobile

A

Italian term for the main floor, which is the second floor of
the building, usually containing the main apartments;

Second piano nobile is next up

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20
Q

Cartouche

A

A French term for a sculpted ornamental panel or tablet usually of oval shape with the edges curled; the tablet is sometimes carved with arms with initials or an inscription.

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21
Q

Palazzo Strozzi

A

belonged to Strozzi family - banking family, rival of Medici

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22
Q
A

Palazzo Rucellai

  • Designed by Leone Alberti
  • utilizes Pilasters
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23
Q

Pilaster

A

A representation of one of the
architectural orders, yet rectangular and
flattened against a surface to appear as
a visual support; usually projects a third
of its width.

24
Q
A

Palazzo Pitti

On other side of Arno river from Medici palazzo.

Wanted to show up the Medici, however Pitti ran out of money and was bought by Medici.

25
Q
A

Palazzo Pitti

trompe l’oeil

26
Q
A

Villa Rotunda

Andrea Palladio

  • Example of smaller palaces and villas typical of time, built for wealthy, which were more modest than in-town homes.
27
Q

Andrea Palladio

A
  • Studied architecture of ancient romans
  • began to integrate concepts from studies into work
  • created pattern books
28
Q
A

gadroon

A short, oval or egg-shaped form applied around the edges or rim of furniture, silver, or glass and commonly seen on the bulbous legs and supports of Elizabethan and Jacobean furniture. The term is derived from the French word gadron. Also called lobed decoration or thumb molding.

29
Q

Furniture of Italian Renaissance

A
  • often Walnut
  • placed against side of wall
  • no longer class-based
30
Q
A

Sgabello

  • dining chair but also used for sewing and other functions
  • geometric seat
  • narrow
  • inverted triangle back
  • armless so that large skirts could fit
  • drawer used for sewing utilities and yarn
31
Q
A

Savonarola chair

  • named after monk
  • folding chair
  • features Staves (side peices)
  • lions paw or animal foot at the end of the runners
  • would feature family cartouch
32
Q
A

Dante chair

An Italian Renaissance chair with legs
that cross, in front and back, to form
an x-shape and that continue as a
support for the arm. Named for the
great Italian poet, Dante Alighieri.

  • stretched leather seat
  • no staves
  • folding chair
  • low upholstered back
  • x-form base
  • Certosina (inlay technique using bone or ivory)
33
Q
A

Certosina

An Italian technique used to inlay bone, ivory, or light-colored wood against a dark background in geometric marquetry patterns.

34
Q
A

Intarsia

Inlay of multiple colors of woods

35
Q

Italian word for chair

A

Sedia

  • Scroll-shaped armrests
  • Baluster forms
  • Fringe to cover seams
36
Q

Perimeter stretcher

A

Stretcher that spans entire perimeter of chair legs

37
Q

Down-turning arms

A

arms that slope down and end in a scroll

38
Q

H-shaped stretcher

A

Stretcher only on front of chair legs

39
Q
A

Cassapanca

  • Cushion added to seat
  • Sits on Dais / platform
  • Gadrooning
40
Q
A

Cassone

  • Chest
  • Wealthy families would get two as wedding gifts
  • Coat of arms added on outside
  • Most important article of domestic furniture
  • stores family valuables and clothing
41
Q

Polychromed

A

painted

42
Q

Marquetry

A

Decorative veneer work, popular during the Renaissance and in 18th-century England and France, created by inlaying different colored woods and/or other materials such as brass, tortoiseshell, ivory, bone, and mother-of-pearl into furniture, walls, or other surfaces.

43
Q
A

Credenza

  • Stores utilcils
  • Shelving
  • Could also be painted
44
Q
A

Table

  • Balustrade feet
  • Would be pushed to wall when not in use
  • People were not as concerned with being attacked, so people start sitting at each end
  • Would have used turkish rugs and tapestries
45
Q
A

Trestle table

  • lion paw
  • cartouche
46
Q
A

Center table

  • geometric top
  • lion paw legs
47
Q

Pietra Dura

A

A mosaic or inlay using pieces of marble and semiprecious stones, cut to fit to create a picture or pattern; especially used to embellish Renaissance cabinets and table tops.

48
Q

Scagliola

A

From the Italian term scaglia, meaning chip. A faux marble produced from plaster or cement and marble chips. Evidence shows use of scagliola in ancient Rome. It was also popular during the Italian Baroque and continued through the19th century, particularly with the Adam brothers in England.

Can have shades and highlights, which cannot be done through pietra dura.

Imitation of pietra dura.

49
Q

Beds

A
  • set on dais
  • moderately low headboard
  • rectangular head and foot board
50
Q

Carved wood bed

A
  • may have small, disproportionate headboards
  • lion paw
  • fluting
  • carved cornice on canopy
51
Q
A

Italian Renaissance Bedroom

  • very large
  • bare
  • tall ceilings
  • stenciled pattern on wall
  • Conical fireplace
52
Q

Fireplace shapes

A

Conical or pyramidal

53
Q

Typical interior

A
  • Plastered walls were either white-washed walls or painted
  • paint on wall might be trompe-l’oeil to imitate tapestries or wood work
  • Wood or plaster ceilings. Could be barrel vaulted, coved, or flat with beams.
  • Floors would be tile (terra-cotta or majolica), brick, or marble. (due to warm climate). May be laid in herringbone pattern.
54
Q

Niche

A

recessed wall space

55
Q
A

Della Robbia panel

Relief w/ majolica

  • often blue background with white raised surface
  • wreath, garland, vegetable motifs
56
Q

How was the Italian renaissance disseminated to France, the Netherlands, and England?

A

Pattern books

Furnishings: Prehistoric to English (12 decks)

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