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Furnishings: Prehistoric to English > English > Flashcards

English Flashcards

1
Q

Woods used in English Furniture

A

Oak, Walnut, Mahogany, Satinwood

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2
Q

Noteworthy English Furniture Designers

A

William Kent, Thomas Chippendale

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3
Q

Split Spindle

A

A long, slender turned spindle that has been cut in half lengthwise, commonly applied as ornament to furniture and cabinetry of 17th-century England and America.

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4
Q
A

Arcaded Panel

Typical English Renaissance panel decoration consisting of two stubby columns with arches in low relief, also used on chests in the French Renaissance.

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5
Q

Wattle-and-daub

A

Area between wooden posts on a half-timbered exterior. Could be brick, mortar, or plaster.

Also,

Construction made of interwoven poles or sticks (wattle) on which is plastered a layer of clay, dung, or mud (daub).

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6
Q
A

Gable

A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof.

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7
Q
A

Half-timbered

A type of exposed wood framing with an infill of plaster, brick, stone, or masonry, often filled with a daub of clay, sticks, and mud.

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8
Q

Apsidal

A

A small apse on the aisle side of a Christian church or basilica.

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9
Q

Scagliola

A

From the Italian term scaglia, meaning chip. A faux marble produced from plaster or cement and marble chips. Evidence shows use of scagliola in ancient Rome. It was also popular during the Italian Baroque and continued through the19th century, particularly with the Adam brothers in England.

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10
Q
A

Strapwork

Flat, carved intertwining bands that resemble leather straps, often used in ceilings, panels, screens, and furniture.

  • Used in arabesque and rinceau.

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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11
Q
A

Seaweed Marquetry

  • Fine scale, linear veneer/marquetry design.
  • Only two kinds of wood.
  • English William and Mary and Queen Anne period
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12
Q

Bolection

A

A molding projecting far past the wall plane or panel to which it is applied. Often used to conceal a joint between surfaces of different levels. Also called balection, belection, bellexion, bilection, and bolexion.

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13
Q

Jappanning

A

A process, much used in the eighteenth century by which furniture and metalwork were enameled with colored shellac and the decoration raised and painted with gold and colors.

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14
Q

Name technique used:

A

Parcel gilt (Partly guilded)

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15
Q

Name this technique:

A

Crossbanding

A term used when a narrow border of veneer is inserted on the surface of furniture, wainscoting, etc., so that the wood veneer is at right angles to the grain of the adjacent wood.

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16
Q
A

Ribband-back

A Chippendale chair back characterized by interlacing carved ribbons connecting the stiles.

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17
Q
A

Marlborough leg

A straight, sometimes fluted leg usually terminating with a block foot.

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18
Q
A

Spade

A tapered rectangular furniture foot resembling the blade of a garden shovel or spade, popular in the 18th-century English designs of George Hepplewhite and Thomas Sheraton.

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19
Q

Pier glasses

A

A glass or mirror designed to stand on the floor against a wall surface, or a mirror designed to be placed between windows, over a chimney-piece, or over a console table.

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20
Q

Wainscot chairs

A

A wooden chair with a back paneled like a wainscot.

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21
Q

Turned legs

A

Turned legs

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22
Q
A

Melon bulb

A heavy, elaborately carved, bulbous turning resembling a melon in shape, commonly used as a support on Elizabethan and Jacobean furniture.

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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23
Q
A

Pad foot

A foot used to terminate a cabriole leg, characterized by a flat circular bottom with little or no carved ornamentation; similar to a club foot without the disk at the base.

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24
Q

Club foot

A

A round, pad-shaped foot found on a cabriole leg; used in 18thcentury English furniture.

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25
Q
A

Windsor chair

A popular 18th- and 19th-century chair in England and America made of wood and having a spindle back shaped in fans, hoops, or combs and sometimes spindle legs named for Windsor Castle. It is also called a stickback.

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26
Q
A

Chintz

A printed and glazed cotton fabric with floral designs, usually in bright colors; originally a painted or stained calico from India, used in Europe for bedcovers and draperies, especially toile de Jouy, which was manufactured from 1700 to 1843 at Juoy, near Paris. An unglazed calico is called cretonne.

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27
Q
A

Trifid foot

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28
Q

Styles within the English Renaissance period

A

Tudor style

Elizabethan style

Jacobean style

Cromwellian style

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29
Q

English Renaissance Domestic Characteristics

A

Plans were in shapes of letters: L, E, or H

  • White washed / plastered half-timbered exterior
  • Protruding second level so that waste water would not run down entire facade
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30
Q
A

Oriel window

A large bay window supported by corbels or brackets.

  • Invented because taxes were based on room number, so space could be created without additional taxes.
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31
Q
A

Tudor arch

A flat pointed arch, usually drawn from four centers.

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32
Q

Tudor Chimney

A
  • Chimneys and enclosed fireplaces became common for the first time.
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33
Q

Tudor architecture

A
  • Tudor arch
  • Decorative chimneys
  • Bricks
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34
Q

Tuder interior characteristics

A
  • Brick flooring. Second level may be random widths of wood planks.
  • Tile (glazed, patterned, and plain), wood, and flagstone were used by all classes.
  • Carpet was not common, but rush matting was common
  • Occasionally matting was installed on wet plaster, fusing the mat to the floor
  • Walls were dark paneled, paster, or textile hangings. Sometimes a combo.
  • Ceilings were flat, coved, or vaulted. Sometimes with pargework decoration.
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35
Q
A

Pargework

A decorated plastered design applied to walls and ceilings, especially during the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods.

  • Only done by English

Tudor / English Renaissance

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36
Q
A

English Renaissance chair

  • Influence from Gothic. Box-like, tracery, linenfold.
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37
Q
A

English Renaissance Oak Bedstead

  • Linenfold motif
  • Split spindle
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38
Q
A

Nonesuch Chest

  • Architectural in concept

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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39
Q
A

English Renaissance Interior

  • Romayne medallion
  • Ceiling may be pargework
  • Panelling
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40
Q
A

Refectory table

  • bulbous form
  • gadrooning
  • acanthus leaf low releif
  • lil ionic capital
  • perimeter stretcher

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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41
Q
A

Palampores

  • Painted cotton fabric from East India
  • Often featured “Tree of Life” / Religious symbols

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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42
Q
A

Globe theater

  • Half timber w/ wattle & daub
  • Where Shakespear showed plays
  • Thatched roof

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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43
Q
A

Arabesque

  • Runs vertically
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44
Q
A

Rinceau

  • Horizontal orientation
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45
Q

As the English Renaissance Moves on in terms of Furniture

A
  • Foreign influence
  • Pattern books
  • Furniture: display and comfort
  • Upholstery introduced
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46
Q
A

Inigo Jones

  • Interested in Palladio

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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47
Q
A

TURNED CHAIR

  • Heavy proportion
  • triangular seat
  • Elizabethan
  • Composed of “turnings”

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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48
Q
A

Wainscot chair

  • one for the lord, one for the lady
  • baluster leg
  • lozenge or arcaded panel on back
  • no longer has storage as in gothic time
  • open arms, down-turning
  • perimeter stretcher

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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49
Q

Imitation of oriental fabric, where yarns were pulled through a coarse fabric, knotted, and cut.

A

Turkey work

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50
Q
A

Farthingale Chair

  • Does not have arms so that women wearing farthingales (hoop skirts) could be accomodated
  • Box-like base w/ perimeter stretcher

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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51
Q
A

Yorkshire Derbyshire chair

  • Arcaded back (Classical influence)

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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52
Q
A

SOFA

  • Fringe
  • Fully upholstered
  • Turned front legs

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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53
Q
A
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54
Q
A

Court Cupboard

  • Bulbous form
  • For display

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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55
Q
A

Press Cupboard

  • Press was always closed

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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56
Q
A

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE BED

  • Four carved corner posts
  • Long velvet draperies for warmth during cold nights
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57
Q
A

The great bed of Ware

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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58
Q
A

Bed for nobility

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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59
Q

Cromwellian

A
  • End of Renaissance
  • Religious wars.
  • Industrial and artistic stagnation.
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60
Q
A

GATELEG TABLE

  • Oak top
  • Turned legs

CROMWELLIAN

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61
Q
A

Joined stool

  • perimeter stretcher
  • straight leg

Cromwellian

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

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62
Q

ENGLISH BAROQUE

A
  • Elizabeth I dies, cromwellian period happens, then shit clears up and Baroque starts
  • Curves, theatrical, opulent
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63
Q

Noteworthy people of English Baroque

A

Architects:

  • Sir Christopher Wren
  • Sir John Vanbrugh
  • William Thalman
  • Thomas Archer
  • Nicholas Hawksmoor
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64
Q

Great Fire

A

Christopher Wren became leading architect. He copied Palladio (Italian Renaissance). Due to fire, Wren was able to build LOTS of buildings in London.

Fire spurred “Rebuilding Act of 1667” - codes for wall thickness, floor height, use of brick.

BAROQUE

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65
Q
A

St. Pauls Cathedral

  • Architect Christopher Wren

ENGLISH BAROQUE

66
Q
A

Mortlake Tapestries

  • Lots of protestants who had to leave France when the Edict of Nantes was revoked went to England and influenced decorative arts.

ENGLISH BAROQUE

67
Q
A

Squerryes Court

  • brick fireplace
  • Symmetry
  • 2nd home for people
  • ENGLISH BAROQUE
68
Q
A

ENGLISH BAROQUE INTERIOR

  • curves
  • “The age of Walnut”
  • S, C scrolls
  • Would imitate materials with paint
69
Q
A

Windsor castle

  • theatrical

ENGLISH BAROQUE

70
Q

Rooms of state

A
  • Most extravagently decorated
  • For gatherings - formal setting
  • For wealthy people

BAROQUE

71
Q
A

Gringling Gibbons

  • Famous carver who did garlands, swags, drop ornaments, natural objects realistically portrayed.

ENGLISH BAROQUE

72
Q

Baroque flooring

A
  • Marble and oak
  • Planked wood
73
Q
A

Peirced carving

  • named for Edward Peirce
74
Q

Baroque walls

A
  • Wood paneling
  • Mirrors
  • Tapestries
  • Leather
  • Tile
  • Gilding
75
Q

Baroque Windows

A
  • Casement window w/ transom
  • Evidence of 1st double hung window
76
Q

Baroque tapestries

A

Rich people would have two sets - for winter and summer

77
Q

Baroque chairs

A
  • People of lesser rank sat at stools
78
Q
A

CONTINENTAL TYPE OF CHAIR

  • Caning used for speed of production (lots of people needed chairs quickly due to great fire)
  • Framed back
  • Pierced carving on front stretcher

ENGLISH BAROQUE

79
Q
A

Walnut armchair (Charles II)

  • Saltier
  • Caning
  • Whorl arm

ENGLISH BAROQUE

80
Q
A

UPHOLSTERED SIDE chair

ENGLISH BAROQUE

81
Q
A

UPHOLSTERED WING CHAIR

  • H-stretcher
  • turning

ENGLISH BAROQUE

82
Q
A

Sleeping chair

ENGLISH BAROQUE

83
Q
A

DAYBED

  • Caning
  • Pierced carving

ENGLISH BAROQUE

84
Q
A

BAROQUE SIDE TABLE

85
Q
A

BAROQUE SIDE TABLE

86
Q
A

Tear-drop drawer pull

87
Q
A

BAROQUE TABLE

  • S and C curves
  • ornate carving
88
Q
A

TWO OVER THREE

BAROQUE CHEST OF DRAWERS

  • Walnut
  • Marquetry
89
Q
A

BAROQUE CABINET ON A STAND

  • barley twist legs
90
Q

BAROQUE styles

A

Restoration

William and Mary

91
Q
A
  • Walnut
  • pierced and arched crest rail
  • caning
  • inverted cup leg
  • finial in saltire
  • bun foot

BAROQUE

92
Q
A

Upholstered chair

  • Uses fringe to cover sear between leg and frame

ENGLISH BAROQUE

93
Q
A

DRESSING TABLE

  • Tear drop pull
  • Saltire stretcher

ENGLISH BAROQUE

94
Q
A

Game Table

ENGLISH BAROQUE

95
Q
A

BAROQUE BED

  • Focal point of a room
  • Very expensive textiles
  • Became very tall
96
Q
A

BAROQUE BED

  • Ostrich feathers
98
Q

name this technique:

A

Parquetry

Material laid in a geometric pattern.

99
Q

Name this technique

A

Oysterwork

  • Veneer of cross-cut wood, which produces a unique pattern.
100
Q
A

BAROQUE CABINET

  • Chinoiserie
  • Ball foot
  • Double bonnet
  • Finials
101
Q
A

BAROQUE HIGHBOY

(chest on a stand)

102
Q
A

BAROQUE LACQUERED BUREAU

  • Chinoiserie
103
Q
A

BAROQUE ARM CHAIRS

  • Double bonnet back
  • Splat
  • Caning
  • Green lacquer
  • cabriole legs
104
Q
A

BAROQUE WRITING TABLE

  • marquetry
105
Q

Styles within Baroque period

A
  • Restoration
  • William + Mary
  • Queen Anne
106
Q

Styles within Georgian period

A
  • George I
  • George II
  • William Kent
  • Chippendale
107
Q

Styles within English Renaissance

A
  • Tudor
  • Elizabethan
  • Jacobean
108
Q

Queen Anne furniture characteristics

A
  • Curved lines
  • Mahogany first used as a cabinet wood because the wide boards eliminated the need for veneers. Worm resistant (unlike walnut) however was less pretty.
  • Oriental influence
  • Lacquer finishes
  • Simplicity
109
Q
A

QUEEN ANNE CHAIR

  • Splat in shape of urn w/ negative form of parrot
  • Cabriole leg
  • Pad/club foot

BAROQUE

110
Q
A

CLAW AND BALL FOOT

  • dragon claw clutches the “pearl of wisdom” - oriental influence

BAROQUE

111
Q
A

QUEEN ANNE SETTEE

BAROQUE

112
Q
A

QUEEN ANNE CORNER CHAIR

BAROQUE

113
Q
A

QUEEN ANNE CHAIR

  • Oriental influence

BAROQUE

114
Q
A

QUEEN ANNE DAY BED

  • Japanning

BAROQUE

115
Q
A

Wing chair

Queen Anne

Perimeter stretcher

BAROQUE

116
Q
A

Queen Anne Wing Chair

  • Fully upholstered
  • Curves
  • Cabriole legs
  • Pad feet

BAROQUE

117
Q

Arm style:

A

Shepherd’s Crook

Queen Anne

BAROQUE

118
Q
A

BURL WALNUT

A knot or irregular growth pattern found in the wood of a tree, sliced
in cross section to produce beautiful decorative veneer with a curly
mottled pattern. Commonly found in walnut, maple, and ash trees.

BAROQUE

119
Q
A

TALLBOY

BAROQUE

120
Q
A

BACHELOR’S CHEST

  • Walnut
  • Fold over top

QUEEN ANNE

BAROQUE

121
Q
A

CARD TABLE

QUEEN ANNE

  • Hinged top

BAROQUE

122
Q
A

HIGHBOY

  • Two sections on cabriole legs

QUEEN ANNE

BAROQUE

123
Q
A

QUEEN ANNE CARD TABLE

  • Gambling
  • Holes for candles

BAROQUE

125
Q
A

MIRROR

  • Segmented due to long mirror tax

QUEEN ANNE / BAROQUE

126
Q

QUEEN ANNE FLOORS

A

PARQUET WOOD AND STONE

MARBLE ONLY FOR WEALTHY

PATTERN BOOKS FOLLOWED

127
Q

QUEEN ANNE WALLS

A

STUCCO

WAINSCOTTING

WALL PAPER

TAPESTRIES

FABRIC PANELS

128
Q
A

QUEEN ANNE INTERIOR

BAROQUE

129
Q

QUEEN ANNE CEILING

A

PLASTER

PAINTING OR STUCCO RELIEF

130
Q
A

QUEEN ANNE BEDROOM

  • Tall, slender posts support the tester
  • Gold thread, fringe
  • Complex draping was typical

BAROQUE

131
Q
A

GEORGIAN ARM CHAIR

  • Lower / wider back
  • More elaborate splat with piercing
  • Wider seat

GEORGIAN

132
Q
A

BUREAU CABINET

  • Swans neck pediment / Broken pediment

GEORGIAN

133
Q
A

KENT CHAIR

  • gilded mahogany

GEORGIAN

134
Q

William Kent

A
  • Brought influence from multiple periods, combined into one.

GEORGIAN

135
Q
A

WILLIAM KENT CHAIR

  • influences from French, Queen Anne, Greek

GEORGIAN

136
Q
A

WILLIAM KENT CHAIRS

GEORGIAN

137
Q
A

Houghton Hall

  • William Kent

GEORGIAN

138
Q
A

Houghton Hall

  • William Kent
  • Plank wood floor
  • Comfort provided to people

GEORGIAN

139
Q
A

Sideboard table

GEORGIAN

140
Q
A

GEORGIAN CONSOLE TABLE

141
Q
A

SIDE TABLE

  • William Kent
  • Paw foot (Italian)
  • Cabriole leg (English)
  • High relief carving

GEORGIAN

142
Q
A

CABOCHON CENTER

A French word to define a round or oval convex ornament with a plain center, suggesting a gem or polished stone, also a square or diamond geometrical-shaped stone inserted into a floor to formalize the design.

GEORGIAN

143
Q
A

TEA TABLE

  • Pierced edge
  • Claw and ball foot

GEORGIAN

144
Q
A

TRIPOD TEA TABLE

  • Tripod base
  • Claw/ball feet

GEORGIAN

145
Q
A

Writing table

  • Lion mask decoration

GEORGIAN

146
Q
A

BREAKFRONT BOOKCASE

  • Center area projects forward
  • Molded cornice
  • Broken pediment

GEORGIAN

147
Q
A

TWO-TIERED TABLE

  • Known as a dumbwaiter
  • English innovation

GEORGIAN

148
Q

Chippendale

A

Thomas Chippendale

  • Took furniture from past, refined them, and marketed them
  • Preferred Mahogany

GEORGIAN

149
Q
A

CHIPPENDALE

  • Mahogany
  • Stylized upholstery

GEORGIAN

150
Q
A

LIBRARY CHAIR

  • Chippendale
  • Lyre back
  • French pedestal legs

GEORGIAN

151
Q
A

SIDE CHAIR

  • Chippendale
  • Carved mahogany in Chinese style
  • Fretwork

GEORGIAN

152
Q
A

HALL CHAIR

  • Rose window back
  • Pedestal leg
  • Wide seat like caquetoire
  • Chippendale

GEORGIAN

153
Q
A

SETTEE

  • Oriental influence
  • Chippendale

GEORGIAN

154
Q
A

SOFA

  • Camel back (hump)
  • Marlborough leg
  • Chippendale

GEORGIAN

155
Q
A

SILVER TABLE

  • Mahogany with silver plate
  • Saltire stretcher
  • Chippendale

GEORGIAN

156
Q
A

MIRROR

  • Carved, gilded
  • Chippendale

GEORGIAN

157
Q
A

OVERMANTEL

  • Chippendale

GEORGIAN

158
Q
A

TEA KETTLE STAND

-Chippendale

GEORGIAN

159
Q
A

GEORGIAN BED

160
Q
A

BED

  • Chinese Chippendale

GEORGIAN

161
Q
A

CHIPPENDALE INTERIOR

  • Ribband back chairs
  • Camel back sofa

GEORGIAN

162
Q
A

CHIPPENDALE INTERIOR

  • Chinese Chippendale

GEORGIAN

Furnishings: Prehistoric to English (12 decks)

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