Italian History - book 2 Flashcards
23/11/16
How did the revolutions destroy all short term chance of unification
French occupation/protection of Rome Lack of mass movement/participation Austrian military Lombardy and Venetia occupied by Austrian troops Reactionary rule of monarchs/dukes
23/11/16
How did the revolutions seems to bring unification together
Liberalism in Piedmont - retaining independence and Statuto
Piedmontese development post 1849
Piedmont - freedom of speech
Mazzini losing popularity could encourage unification because less unpopular radicals
06/12/16
What fears would nationalists and liberals have had about King Victor Emmanuel II
His mother and wife were members of the Austrian imperial family
By the end of 1849, he had appointed Massimo D’Azeglio as prime minister. He controlled a moderate conservative administration
His first administration included several of the 25 military men who were to hold ministerial roles during his reign
One of his first actions as king was to shell Genoa where radicals were entrenched
He allowed the Statutory to stand in Piedmont but retained the right to command the army and appoint and dismiss ministers at will
06/12/16
What encouragement would nationalists and liberals have had against King Victor Emmanuel II
Italian historians see him as the hero of unification
Contempories saw his rule as ambiguous in his political views
Contempories also saw him as courageous and with good sense
He didn’t wish to see the Catholic Church holding influence in Piedmont
14/12/16
How would the actions of Piedmont give encouragement to liberals and nationalists across Italy
Supported the great liberal principals of the 19th century
Piedmont showed determination to modernisation
Because a senior Piedmontese churchman, Archbishop Fransoni, didn’t want to modernise, he was imprisoned
14/12/16
What can we learn about Cavour from the manner in which he came to power
Created parliamentary agreements with the leader of the centre - left which created a centre alliance
Alliance strengthened parliament against the crown
Asked Victor Emmanuel II to make him prime minister which was accepted
Became most influential figure in the history of the 19th century Italy
14/12/16
What was Cavours 5 key priorities
1) possibly some liberal reform
2) make parliament more efficient
3) economic development
4) free trade
5) unification & railways
Why do you think Cavour was so keen to create political stability in Piedmont
Because Piedmont was the only fully independent state and it was possibly going to start unification. Having political stability meant that Piedmont could declare their state unified
How could political stability in Piedmont benefit the rest of Italy
Piedmont could lead unification in Italy. This means that if political stability is obtained in Piedmont, it would give hope for Italy to be unified
Was Cavour planning unification by creating political stability
Cavour wanted unification in order to achieve economic development, trade and to build railways
How did Piedmont’s economic development aid the unification process through trade agreements
Cavour had a string of free trade treaties
International links
Trade agreements were set so that certain lines and tunnels were financed by French bankers such as Rothschild and Laffitte
Cavour encouraged the investment of foreign capital into Piedmont
How did Piedmont’s economic development aid the unification process through commercial and industrial growth
These had the government offering enterprises subsidies which encouraged economic development. Also, trade had increased in value by 300%
How did Piedmont’s economic development aid the unification process through the development of infrastructure
Italy’s first steam ship “The Sicilia” in Genoa in 1855
Port of Genoa modernised
Piedmont had 819km of railway by the end of the 1850s (the whole of Italy put together only had 1,798km)
How significant was Cavour in the modernisation of Piedmont
Railways - 1,798km altogether, 819km in Piedmont (1/3), Mount Cenis tunnel and canals, steamships, Port of Genoa
Trade - deals with France, Britain, Austria and German confederation, trade increased by 300%
Industrialisation - trade deals, investment (foreign - Rothschild family), subsidies and debt
Political stability - connubio, holding 3 posts (finance, foreign & prime minister), radicals
