IT Vocab PC 10

Question 1

Directory that contains all other directories

Answer 1

root

Question 2

Utility built into Windows that can help users clean up their hard drives by removing temporary internet files, deleting unused program files and more

Answer 2

Disk Cleanup

Question 3

Tiny bit of code that takes control of the boot process from the system BIOS

Answer 3

master boot record (MBR)

Question 4

Volume that uses space on multiple dynamic disks

Answer 4

spanned volume

Question 5

changes made to a system to improve its performance

Answer 5

optimization

Question 6

Mac OS X tool that checks for hard drive errors

Answer 6

Disk Utility

Question 7

Table located in the boot sector of a hard drive that lists every partition on the disk that contains a valid operating system

Answer 7

partition table

Question 8

Special software, embedded on hard drives, that constantly scans the drives for bad sectors

Answer 8

error correction code (ECC)

Question 9

Windows graphical tool that scans and fixes hard drive problems. Often referred to by the name of the executable, chkdsk, or Check Disk

Answer 9

Error Checking

Question 10

Occurs when files and directories get jumbled on a fixed disk and are no longer contiguous; which can slow down a hard drive access time

Answer 10

fragmentation

Question 11

Robust and secure file system introduced by Microsoft with Windows NT providing an amazing array of configuration options for user access and security

Answer 11

New Technology File System (NTFS)

Question 12

To initiate an automatic routine that clears the memory, loads the operating system and prepares the computer for use

Answer 12

boot

Question 13

Procedure in which all the files on a hard disk drive are rewritten on a disk so that all parts of each file reside in contiguous clusters

Answer 13

defragmentation

Question 14

Hard drive partitioned in the ‘classic’ way with a master boot record and partition table

Answer 14

basic disk

Question 15

A clearly defined list of permissions that specifies what actions an authenticated user may be performed on a shared resource

Answer 15

Access Control List (ACL)

Question 16

Partitioned on a Windows hard drive that can store a bootable operating system

Answer 16

Primary partition

Question 17

RAID 0 volumes. Data is spread across two drives for increased speed

Answer 17

striped volumes

Question 18

Format process that tests every sector to mark out the unusable ones in the file allocation table

Answer 18

full format

Question 19

Snap-in available with the Microsoft Management Console that enables techs to configure the various disks installed in a system

Answer 19

Disk management

Question 20

Storage optimization and management service, such as NTFS, that has the capability of applying a cipher process to the stored data

Answer 20

encrypting file system (EFS)

Question 21

Section of the storage area of a hard disk, created during initial preparation of the hard disk, before the disk is formatted

Answer 21

partition

Question 22

Magnetically mapping a disk to provide a structure for storing data; can be done to any type of disk

Answer 22

formatting

Question 23

Scheme that directs how an OS stores and retrieves data on an off a driver; FAT32 and NTFS are examples

Answer 23

file system

Question 24

basic unit of storage on a floppy or hard disk

Answer 24

cluster

Question 25

electronically subdividing a physical hard drive into groups called volumes

Answer 25

partitioning

Question 26

physical unit of a storage medium such as tape reel or disk pack that is capable of having data recording on it and subsequently read

Answer 26

volumes