Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RPE > Issues of life and death > Flashcards

Issues of life and death Flashcards

1
Q

What are the similarities between genesis 1 and genesis 2?

A
  • god is the creator
  • god creates all living things
  • Adam and Eve are named in both
  • God creates in 6 days and rest on 7th
  • God creates human beings with a purpose in mind for them
  • Human’s have special status in the both stories: gen 1- “ made in God’s image” and gen 2 Adam is in charge of all animals.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the differences between genesis 1 and genesis 2?

A
  • in gen 1 God creates ex nihilo from nothing but it is not stated in gen 2
  • In gen 1 God looked at what he creates and saw that it was good but its not stated in gen 2
  • Adam was created last in gen 1 but first in gen 2
  • In gen 1 water was created first but in gen 2 there was earth from the start.
  • Gen 1 has no account of the sin and punishment of Adam and Eve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do Evangelical Christians interpret the creation story?

A

They are literalist Christians and believe that the bible is LITERALLY the word of god and cannot be false.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do young earth creationists interpret the creation story?

A

They believe that the world was created by god in 6 actual days approximately 10,000 years ago.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What evidence do young earth creationists use for their beliefs on creation?

A
  • fossil evidence according to them does not predate to 10,000 years.
  • the bible is the direct word of god- the Hebrew word for day is yom and they maintain that this means 24 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do Liberal Christian’s interpret the creation story?

A

They believe that the bible accounts should not be read literally but as myths.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What evidence do Liberal Christian’s use for their beliefs on creation?

A
  • the two genesis stories contradict each other
  • they believe god was the cause of the big bang and set down laws of nature before the universe existed.
  • Hebrew word of yom means era not day, so the universe was created in 6 eras which matches the eras in scientific accounts.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the big bang theory?

A
  1. the universe began with a point of singularity which was infinitely hot and dense
  2. As it expanded, subatomic particles and the atoms appeared
  3. This led to the formation of stars, planets and the universe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is evidence for the big bang theory?

A
  • background radiation is though to be present at the origins of the universe- has been detected today
  • blue and red shift effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Stephen Hawking’s views on the big bang?

A
  • no time or space before the big bang
  • all causes need time to happen so the universe wasn’t cause by anything
  • The universe spontaneously created itself from nothing
  • universe is still expanding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Literalist Christian response to the big bang theory?

A

they completely reject the big bang theory because the creation happened exactly as described in the bible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Liberal Christians response to the big bang theory?

A

They accept the big bang theory as they believe the bible is inspired by god and written by human’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who created the theory of evolution?

A

Charles Darwin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an example of survival of the fittest?

A

Charles Darwin’s observation of finches on the Galapagos:
- different finches lived on different islands
- where the food source was mainly seeds the finches had fat beaks
WHEREAS
- where the food source was cactus fruits the finches had long pointed beaks as they had to adapt to their environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are Richard Dawkins views on evolution?

A
  • it is the best explanation of how life came about
  • “Who designed the designer?”- referring to god
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Do Evangelical Christians agree with the theory of evolution?

A

No because humans did not evolve from animals but instead were created in the genesis 1 story.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the strengths of the Evangelical christian view on the creation story?

A
  • bible is an authoritative text as it states “All scripture is God breathed”
  • God is omnipotent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the strengths of the Liberal Christian view on the creation story?

A
  • they recognise contradictions between genesis 1 and 2
  • they accept more modern scientific understanding of evolution and the big bang.
  • They still think god is omnipotent so God is behind the process of evolution and the big bang
  • Science tells us how the world was created and religion tells us why.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the Evangelical Christian beliefs on the environment?

A

That Christians can do as they please with the environment and animals and have power over it- do not believe in environmental sustainability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some Evangelical teachings on environment?

A
  • “let us make man in our image.. and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air..”
  • the book of revelations in the new testament suggests that Christians can treat the environment as they please as the earth is going to be destroyed in it’s last days.
  • human’s were made in gods image so therefore are important than animals.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is dominion ship?

A

to have charge over the environment- humans can do as they please with it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is stewardship?

A

humans have been given a very special responsibility to look after the environment on behalf of god

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the liberal christian view on the environment?

A

that they should be good stewards on behalf of god?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why do Liberal Christian’s support stewardship?

A
  • “the lord formed man from the dust and thr ground.. the lord took the man and put him in the garden to work it and take care of it.”
  • “love thy neighbour”- not taking care of the environment can damage peoples health
  • The prophet Isaiah says that animals will be in the kingdom of heaven so they should be protected.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the BHA?

A

The British Humanist Association- a national charity working on the behalf of non-religious people who seek to live ethical and fulfilling lives on the basis of reason and humanity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who are ‘Humanists for a better world’?

A

a group who campaign for the environment
^ they believe that the planet and it’s future lays in our hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What environmental concerns do ‘Humanists for a better world’ campaign for?

A
  • climate change
  • animal welfare (stunning animals before death)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why do ‘Humanists for a better world’ do this work?

A
  • humans are at the top of the evolutionary chain and can for see the consequences of climate change on the environment
  • humans can empathise with those who are affected by climate change
  • science is important to humanists- shows global warming is damaging
  • Supports utilitarianism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is utilitarianism?

A

greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Why do Buddhists believe in caring for the environment?

A
  • first precept tells them to avoid harming living beings
  • one of the three poisons is ignorance
  • pratitya- everything is interconnected if you harm the environment this can have devastating consequences
31
Q

What are the Buddhist attitudes towards animals?

A
  • metta- show loving kindness to all living beings
  • first precept- avoid harming living beings
  • ahimsa- non violence to all living beings
  • all actions have consequences
  • you can be rebirthed as an animal
32
Q

Why do humanists believe human life has value?

A
  • this is our only life
  • we have a shared humanity
33
Q

What is sanctity of life?

A

the belief that life is precious

34
Q

Why do Christians believe in the sanctity of human life?

A
  • “god created man in his own image”
  • “be fruitful and increase”
  • “you shall not kill”
  • “your body is a temple of the holy spirit”
35
Q

What is meant by the term “quality of life”?

A

refers to the extent that life is meaningful and enjoyable. If we were free from pain and suffering and with freedom then we would have good quality of life

36
Q

What is in the Abortion Act?

A
  • two registered doctors have to approve the abortion
  • the abortion has to be carried out before 24 weeks
  • abortion is allowed if pregnancy damages mental or physical health of mother
    OR
    there is a risk the baby will be mentally or physically handicapped
37
Q

What are some non- religious arguments for abortion?

A
  • it is the woman’s body so she should have the right to decide
  • some people cannot afford to have children
  • there are too many unwanted babies
  • some people can’t cope with a handicapped child
38
Q

What are some non-religious arguments against abortion?

A
  • an unborn baby cannot speak for itself- has rights equal to the mother
  • a handicapped baby can lead a full and rewarding life
  • it is not fair to make doctors carry out abortions
  • if we allow too many abortions we cheapen life
39
Q

What are the humanist views on abortion?

A
  • do not agree with illegal abortions
  • life is not sacred from conception
40
Q

What are catholic and evangelical views on abortion?

A

abortion is never right even if the mother has been raped because:
- a child is a gift from god and only god can take that life
- human life is sacred
- they believe life begins at conception
- the pope declared that abortion is murder

41
Q

What are Anglican views on abortion?

A

abortion is a great evil but they tolerate it because:
- to withhold compassion is a greater evil
- love thy neighbour is the most important command
- duty of Christians is to remove suffering

42
Q

What are the Buddhist views for abortion?

A
  • metta and karuna- may be the most loving thing for the mother
  • dukkha- foetus can’t feel pain so abortion isn’t causing suffering
43
Q

What are Buddhist views against abortion?

A
  • foetus contains possibility for life where it can reach enlightenment
  • first precept is to not harm any living beings
  • goes against principle of ahimsa (non violence)
44
Q

What are the different types of euthanasia?

A
  • voluntary euthanasia- ending life painlessly when someone in great pain asks for death
  • involuntary euthanasia- ending someone’s life painlessly when they are unable to ask but you have good reason to believe it’s what they would want
  • assisted suicide- providing a seriously ill person with the means to commit suicide
45
Q

What is the law on euthanasia?

A

it’s illegal in Britain and all attempts to get the bill through parliament have failed
- anyone whole helps somebody else die could be charged with murder
- doctors are allowed to turn off life support machines of patients in a persistent vegetative state

46
Q

What are the humanist views on euthanasia?

A
  • they support the legalisation of assisted dying
  • it must be clear from coercion
  • mostly for the terminally-ill
47
Q

Why do humanists support euthanasia?

A
  • it is a human right to die with dignity
  • people should be able to decide how their life ends
48
Q

What are the christian views against euthanasia?

A
  • only god has the right to end life
  • goes against the commandment “thou shall not kill”
  • god will never give somebody more pain than they can cope with.
  • Jesus helped the sick- society should help the sick by improving hospices ect.
49
Q

What are some christian views for euthanasia?

A
  • it may be the most loving thing to do
  • Jesus taught that he wanted people to live life in all its fullness- not possible if you’re in immense pain
50
Q

What are some Buddhist views for euthanasia?

A
  • ends suffering and Buddha taught the end of suffering
  • can be an act of karuna
51
Q

What are some Buddhist views against euthanasia?

A
  • breaks first precept
  • ending life causes bad karma, creating more suffering
  • right concentration can help control pain and suffering
  • euthanasia can lead to tanha of ending of suffering
52
Q

Why do humanists believe that human life is important?

A
  • life isn’t permanent
  • we have give our life meaning ourselves
  • we should use this life to benefit others through acts of compassion
53
Q

What is some background information on Peter Singer?

A
  • contemporary philosopher who lectures at Princeton
  • utilitarian philosopher
  • not a humanist but similar views
54
Q

What are Peter singer’s moral concerns?

A
  • bio ethics
  • animal welfare
  • poverty
  • justice
55
Q

What are Peter Singer’s views on the importance of human life?

A
  • the belief of god and sanctity of life is ‘medieval’
  • humans think of having a biographical life- past, present and future- makes human life special
  • Human life is important because we have choices and preferences that should be taken into account
56
Q

What are Peter Singer’s views on euthanasia?

A

it is morally acceptable if:
- legalising it benefit more people than it will harm
- the law has safeguarding in place to protect the vulnerable
- people should have the choice how they die

57
Q

What are the humanist beliefs on animal life?

A
  • animals don’t have souls
  • animals can suffer and have feelings
  • try not to cause animals any unnecessary suffering
58
Q

What are Peter Singer’s views on animal life?

A
  • animals should have choices
  • animals aren’t equal to humans but deserve equal treatment
  • believes in animal discrimination (speciesist)
59
Q

Why do Christians believe in life after death?

A
  • Jesus rose from the dead
  • Jesus teaches of life after death- parable of the sheep and goats
  • ALL churches teach life after death
  • gives life purpose
60
Q

What is a ‘soul’?

A

spiritual aspect of a being that connects someone to god- non-physical and lives on after death

61
Q

What is meant by the term ‘non-dualist’?

A

the body and soul are one and both are raised at the final judgement

62
Q

Why are Evangelical Christians non-dualists?

A
  • Jesus’s body was raised from the tomb three days after he died
  • when Jesus rose from the dead he ate with the disciples- showing he has a physical body
  • St Paul said Jesus appeared to more than 500 people in his resurrected form
63
Q

Why are some Liberal Christians dualists?

A
  • some people have recorded coming out of their body during a near death experience and looking down on their physical body
    they believe that:
  • heaven isn’t a physical place
  • when Jesus rose from the dead it was a spiritual rising and disciples only felt his presence
  • science shows that once the brain is dead it can’t be resurrected
64
Q

What do Evangelical Christian’s believe about judgement, heaven and hell?

A
  • there will be a judgement day in the life after at the end of time
  • after death good people will go to heaven and bad people go to hell- these are physical places where people will spend eternity.
65
Q

Why do Evangelical Christians believe that there will be a judgement day in the after life?

A
  • it is recorded by John the Divine in the bible
  • the apostles creed states “that he will come to judge the living and the dead
66
Q

Why do Evangelical Christians believe that heaven and hell are physical places?

A
  • the bible refers to hell as “a lake of fire” suggests it’s a real place
  • Jesus said to the thief on the cross “today you will be with me in paradise”- referring to heaven
67
Q

What are liberal christian’s views on judgement, heaven and hell?

A
  • the soul will go straight to god for judgement
  • there is no hell
68
Q

Why do some liberal christian’s believe that the soul will go straight to god for judgement?

A

Jesus says to the thief on the cross “today you will be with me in paradise”- use of word today–> judgement is instant

69
Q

Why do some Liberal Christian’s believe that there is no hell?

A
  • they do not read the bible is the literal word of god so there is no physical hell as referred to in the bible
  • if god is loving he wouldn’t send anyone to hell for eternity as sins are finite but hell is infinite making it unjust
  • scientific exploration has not discovered hell
70
Q

What are some Buddhist beliefs about after life?

A
  • People are reborn after death into one of the 6 realms on the wheel of life depending on their karma over their previous lives.
  • no soul is reborn
  • karmic energy of a person that is reborn into the next life
71
Q

Why do some people not believe in life after death?

A
  • near death experiences can be explained by lack of oxygen to the brain
  • main evidence for life after death is in holy books which all contradict each other
72
Q

What occurs at a catholic funeral service?

A
  • held in a church
  • eulogy is said
  • flowers are displayed and candles are lit
  • people pray
  • person is buried
73
Q

What occurs at a humanist funeral service?

A
  • plays personal songs
  • no mention of god
  • led by humanist celebrant
  • readings of poetry
    -euology
  • moments of quite reflection
  • candles are lit

RPE (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions