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RPE > Issues of good and evil > Flashcards

Issues of good and evil Flashcards

1
Q

What makes something wrong?

A
  • if it breaks rules/laws
  • goes against the will of god
  • if it doesn’t bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
  • if it goes against purposes revealed in nature
  • if it does not develop virtues but gives into vices
  • if it goes against your conscience
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2
Q

What is relative morality?

A

the idea that what makes an act wrong or right will change according to situation, time or culture

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3
Q

What are some examples of relative morality?

A
  • utilitarianism
  • situation ethics
  • to practice the virtues
  • follow your conscience
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4
Q

What is utilitarianism?

A

greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

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5
Q

what is situation ethics?

A

to do the most loving thing

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6
Q

What is absolute morality?

A

where an act is either right or wrong regardless of the situation, culture or time.

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7
Q

What are some examples of absolute morality?

A
  • divine command
  • natural moral law
  • conscience
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8
Q

What are the pros and cons of absolute morality?

A

PROS:
- People don’t have to think what to do in a situation
- god has revealed rules in bible- so are following god’s word
CONS:
- can lead to a lack of compassion
- doesn’t consider consequences of an action

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9
Q

What are the pros and cons of relative morality?

A

PROS:
- considers situation and what might be the best consequences in any situation
- could bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
CONS:
- minority may suffer
- people may find it hard to think for themselves in some situations

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10
Q

What are the seven deadly sins?

A
  • pride
  • greed
  • lust
  • envy
  • gluttony
  • wrath
  • sloth
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11
Q

What are some causes of crime?

A
  • poor parenting
  • poor education
  • poverty
  • drug or alcohol addiction
  • poor mental health
  • peer pressure
  • unemployment
  • media
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12
Q

What are the aims of punishment and what do they mean?

A
  • vindication- to uphold the law
  • justice- to ensure fairness
  • retribution- to ensure revenge
  • deterrence- deter people from committing the crime
  • reformation- change the criminal for the better
  • protection- to protect society from criminals
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13
Q

What do traditional Christians think the cause of crime is?

A

the original sin of Adam and Eve, passed down from generation to generation- the fall.

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14
Q

What do Liberal Protestant Christians think the cause of crime is?

A

When people turn away from god and give in to temptation

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15
Q

What do Buddhist think the cause of crime is?

A

tanha (craving) and they are driven by the three poisions

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16
Q

What are traditional evangelical christian views on aims of punishment?

A

aim of punishment is to bring about justice because in the bible it says:
- an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth
- “but let justice role on like a river, righteousness like a never ending stream”

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17
Q

What are Liberal Protestant christian views on aims of punishment?

A

aim of punishment is to reform an offender and show forgiveness- support restorative justice and community service because:
- Jesus forgave the adulterous women, telling her “Go and sin no more”- stopped her from being stoned to death
- in the lords prayer- “forgive us of our sins, as we forgive those who sin against us”

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18
Q

What are the Buddhist views on aims of punishment?

A

people are punished by the law of karma- should deter people from committing crimes
- anatta- criminal can change and society must not give up on criminal
- Buddha said “we are not punished for our anger but by our anger”- criminal suffers most

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19
Q

Who was John Howard and what did he do?

A

a protestant christian prison reformer at the end of the 19th century who asked the parliament to ensure there was:
- clean running water
- men and women separate
- more prison officers
- all prisoners had access to a doctor

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20
Q

Who was Elizabeth Fry and what did she do?

A

a quaker in the 19th century who emphasised the need to educate and reform prisoners so she:
- taught them how to read and held bible readings
- taught them to knit and sew to make a living
- got them clean clothes

21
Q

What are the pros and cons of modern prisons?

A

PROS:
- they are offered education, drug rehabilitation, training for work, counselling and chaplains
- assured human rights
CONS:
- overcrowding, poor treatment and lack of access to services
- rise in assault, self-harm and suicide

22
Q

What do prison chaplains do?

A
  • care for spiritual concerns of the inmate
  • counsel inmates on other concerns
  • help inmates to continue practising their religion
  • help inmates to re-join a community
  • care for spiritual needs of family members
  • can go with prisoner to death if on death row
23
Q

Why do prison chaplains help prisoners?

A
  • Jesus taught to love thy neighbour
  • Jesus taught to love the sinner and hate the sin
  • Jesus showed the virtues of compassion, love, patience and kindness
  • “I was thirsty and you gave me water”- help those in need
24
Q

Why conservative Christians support the use of the death penalty?

A
  • there are 36 capital offences in the old testament
  • St Paul said the authorities have been put there by god
  • breaking then commandments deserves the death penalty
25
Q

Why do Liberal Christians not support the use of the death penalty?

A
  • They believe only god can end life- “these days allotted to me are recorded in your book”
  • no one else can end life- ten commandments
  • Jesus stopped an adulterous women from being stoned to death and said “go and sin no more”
26
Q

What is the Parable of the Unforgiving Debtor?

A

Peter came to Jesus and asked, “Lord, how often should I forgive someone who sins against me? Seven times?”
“No, not seven times” Jesus replied, “but seventy times seven”

27
Q

How do Catholics believe they can be forgiven?

A

forgiveness comes through confession and performing religious acts which achieve atonement- God’s forgiveness is granted through the priests pardon after confession.

28
Q

How do Evangelical Christians believe they can be forgiven?

A

the forgiveness of sins is granted directly by god and reliant upon faith

29
Q

What is moral evil?

A

suffering caused by humans

30
Q

What is natural evil?

A

suffering caused by nature

31
Q

Where do Christians believe goodness came from?

A

god made earth and “saw that it was good”

32
Q
A
33
Q

How do Christians know what goodness is?

A
  • god revealed the ten commandments to Moses
  • Being moral is acting on Jesus’s teachings
34
Q

Why do Christians believe there is evil in the world?

A
  • the first sin (the fall)
  • the devil
  • free choices of humans
35
Q

Where do Buddhists believe goodness and evil came from?

A
  • good acts are ones that are driven by metta and karuna
  • evil acts are ones driven by tanha which leads to the three poisons
36
Q

Do Buddhists believe evil can be overcome?

A
  • if you can overcome the three poisons and reach nirvana you can achieve parinirvana which is a life without evil and suffering
37
Q

How do Buddhists know what goodness is?

A
  • from the dharma and life of the Buddha
    i.e. follow the 8 fold path and your actions won’t be led by the three poisons
38
Q

What does ‘omnipotent’ mean?

A

all powerful

39
Q

Why do Christians believe god is omnipotent?

A
  • god sent the ten plagues to the Egyptians
  • parted the red sea to let Moses and the Israelites escape
  • Jesus was able to walk on water and rose from the dead
40
Q

What is omnibenevolent?

A

all loving

41
Q

Why do Christians believe that god is omnibenevolent?

A
  • in the psalms it says that god is compassionate and gracious
  • “For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son to that whoever believes in him will not die but have eternal life”
42
Q

What Epicurus’ inconsistent triad?

A
  • if god is all powerful then he has the power to stop evil
  • if god is benevolent he would want to stop evil
  • evil still exists
43
Q

What does Epicurus’ inconsistent triad conclude?

A

that god does not exist

44
Q

What do Buddhists believe is the origin of evil?

A

the 3 poisons which caused by tanha leads to moral evil and bad karma

45
Q

What is free will?

A

the ability to make choice voluntarily and independently

46
Q

What are the Christian views on free will?

A
  • Adam and Eve were created with free will and abused it- the natural tendency to abuse free will has been passed on down generations (the fall)
  • can also use their free will to atone for their sins
  • Liberals believe god gave humans free will to grow their love for god
47
Q

What are the Buddhist views on free will?

A
  • humans are free only in samsara so they can achieve enlightenment
  • we are influenced by karma and pratitya
  • anatta- no fixed self humans can break out of conditioning via meditation
48
Q

What are the Christian beliefs on human suffering?

A
  • suffering is a test to see how loyal we are to god
  • suffering is a punishment for sins
  • without suffering people wouldn’t be able to do good things and show bravery
49
Q

What are the Buddhist beliefs on human suffering?

A
  • all life is suffering (dukkha) because the world of samsara is permanent
  • caused by tanha which leads to the three poisons
  • suffering CAN end

RPE (6 decks)

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