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RE > Issues Of Life And Death > Flashcards

Issues Of Life And Death Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the afterlife?

A

Life after death, existence continues after physical death

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2
Q

Environmental sustainability?

A

Ensuring that the demands placed on natural resources can be met without reducing capacity to allow all people and other species of animals as well as plant life

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3
Q

What is euthanasia?

A

Act of killing or permitting the death of a person who is suffering from a serious illness

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4
Q

What is evolution?

A

How living creatures are believed to have developed from earlier less complex forms during the history of the earth

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5
Q

What is abortion?

A

When a pregnancy is ended so that it does not result in birth

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6
Q

What is quality of life?

A

Extend to which life is meaningful and pleasure able

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7
Q

What is sanctity of life?

A

Life is precious or sacred for many religious believers only human life holds this status

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8
Q

What is the soul?

A

The spiritual aspects of a being that connects someone to god

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9
Q

Who accepts Darwin’s theory of evolution?

A

Jews and liberal Christian’s

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10
Q

Why don’t evangelical Christian’s and main stream Muslims believe with Darwin’s theory of evolution?

A

Evolution implies life has happened by change but the bible and Torah explain that it was god the creator
It undermines the bible
Religious scriptures teach that humans have a god given soul
Challenges the bibles teachings

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11
Q

Why do Buddhists Hindus and Sikhs accept the Big Bang theory?

A

Because the word has been formed, destroyed and reformed countless times so this fits with the idea that the universe is in a state of development

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12
Q

Why do liberal Christian’s and Muslims believe in the Big Bang?

A

god done this to allow the universe to create intelligent life but something must’ve formed the Big Bang and this was god

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13
Q

What is the literal interpretation of how the world began?

A

They believe their holy text should be understood word for word, creation of the world happened exactly how it’s described in religious scriptures

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14
Q

What is the liberal interpretation?

A

People should be free to understand holy book how they want to

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15
Q

What are the 2 creation stories in genesis?

A

God made the earth over 6 days and rested on the 7th ‘let there be light’
God made Adam first and placed him in the garden of Eden to live in paradise he was formed from dust and the breath of god making him the son of the earth

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of creationism?

A

Young earth creation, god made the earth in 7 actual days
Old earth creationism creation took place over millions of years ago

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17
Q

what are Muslims attitudes to the creation of the world?

A

Quran teaches that god is the creator and sustainer of all life
no one single creation story
god created the sky out of clay, molding adam and breathing life and power onto him
‘indeed your lord is God who created the heavens and earth in 6 days’

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18
Q

What are humanist attitudes towards the creation of the world?

A

science is the only reliable factor not religious explanations
Humanist for a better world protest on matters such as climate change and peace

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19
Q

Who is William Paley and what was his analogy?

A

He was a theologian
put forward the watch analogy, if you find a watch by accident you would think a watch-marker designed it the same with the complex world, thinking there must be a designer

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20
Q

What is intelligent design?

A

The idea that certain features of life are best explained by an intelligent cause rather than an undirected process like natural selection

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21
Q

Whats Micheal Behes view on intelligent design?

A

When you see a mouse trap you know it cannot function if all 5 parts are not there just like how life cannot come together by chance and has to be have been designed all together

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22
Q

what did Richard Dawkins say about evolution?

A

‘Evolution is the only known theory that could solve the mystery of our existence.’

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23
Q

What is stewardship?

A

caring for the planet and managing its resources, a steward is like a trustee or a caretaker

24
Q

What are Christian views towards stewardship?

A

life is a gift from god so he has given us the role of stewards. Genesis teaches we are made in his image. Humans were created with a special status above nature.

25
Q

What do Evangelical Christians think about stewardship (dominion) ?

A

God created us to ‘rule over’ literally, so we can utilise the worlds natural resources.

26
Q

What do Liberal Christians believe about stewardship? (harmony)

A

Humans should be stewards of the earth rather than exploiters, God placed Adam in the Garden of Eden to ‘cultivate and care for it’

27
Q

What are Muslims attitudes to stewardship?

A

Animals must be respected but unlike humans they aren’t not uniquely sacred.
We are his trustees (khalifahs) appointed to care for the world and rule as God would wish maintaining the balance (fitrah)

28
Q

What are humanist attitudes to stewardship?

A

We have a responsibility to work for a more sustainable world but we believe we should do it just because it makes sense not because God has placed us here to

29
Q

What are Christian views on the sanctity of life?

A

Life is created, protected and valued by God.
Every human who walks the earth bares gods image. This means that only God should take life away, Quakers appose the death penalty and fighting in wars because each person contains a reflection of the image of God. This means only God can decide when life can begin (Catholics don’t allow IVF)

30
Q

Muslims views on the Sanctity of life?

A

Life is created by God and only he has the right to take it away, this is why murder if explicitly forbidden in the Qur’an. God has a plan for every life, no one has the right to take their own or anybody elses life. Killing one soul carries the sin of killing all humanity. ‘do not kill your children out of poverty’

31
Q

What are humanist views on sanctity of life?

A

See a special value in human life
Don’t believe in souls or heaven and hell.
We have a special importance as this is our only life

32
Q

what are catholics and orthodox denominations views on abortion?

A

Abortion is forbidden in all circumstances, life begins at conception, abortion is murder and against the 10 commandments, ‘you shall not kill the embryo by abortion’

33
Q

What are the Church of Englands view on abortion?

A

life is precious and God made, abortion is not allowed for social reasons but if the mothers life is in danger abortion is permitted but not encouraged. Rape is a valid reason for abortion

34
Q

What are Muslims attitudes to abortion?

A

God creates life so only he can end it, abortion is forbidden ‘do not kill your children out of poverty, its haram, IF the mothers life is in danger it can be permitted, on day of judgement a child will have the right to ask why it was killed. IS allowed up to 120 which is when the foetus gets a soul

35
Q

Humanist views on abortion?

A

Situation ethics, liberal pro-choice stance, abortion is often a morally acceptable choice

36
Q

What happened in the case of Savita Halappanavar?

A

She died after being refused a miscarriage in Ireland as it was a catholic country so abortion was illegal

37
Q

What happened in the case of Gianna Jessen?

A

She was a surviver of an abortion that left her with cerebral palsy and is now an anti-abortion protester

38
Q

Who was daniel James?

A

He was paralysed in a rugby accident and went to switzerland to end his life

39
Q

Why does Harold Shipmans case go against the right to die?

A

He was a serial killer doctor who killed his patients with fatal doses of morphine, if we legalise assisted dying we can make it easier for people like shipman to commit crimes

40
Q

what are christian views on Euthanasia?

A

most believe it isn’t acceptable :
life is sacred, it’s murder, life is a gift, suffering can have purpose, hospices can offer an alternative.

41
Q

Muslim views to euthanasia?

A

No need for euthanasia as no matter what state the body is in the soul is still perfect. People with mo hope of recovery have recently been allowed to have their machines turned off

42
Q

Humanist views on euthanasia?

A

Supported attempts to legalise assisted dying, dont believe life should be prolonged in the face of pointless suffering

43
Q

What is dualism?

A

Idea we are made of two separate parts: a physical body and a spiritual soul.

44
Q

What is materialism?

A

View that nothing else exists apart from matter

45
Q

Christian views on the afterlife and death?

A

Body is the home of the soul
Ensoulment is the moment when the soul is believed to enter the body. (Thomas Aquinas)
Some Christian’s are dualistic
(We are made from body and soul) the soul will live on after death
Nondualist christians believe that our soul will be separated from us but reunite on judgment day

46
Q

Muslim views on death and the afterlife?

A

Soul so incisive but Is pure at birth. God made Adam from the earth so we have physical body, blessed with a ruh, god breathed a soul onto us, ensoulment happens at 120 days
‘Every new born child is born into a state of fitrah’ (purity)

47
Q

What is original sin and how did it form?

A

We are born with sinful nature, Adam and Eve sinned by eating the fruit in the Garden of Eden, so all generations will inherit this sin, we can only be saved by believing in Jesus, liberal Christian’s DONT accept
Islam teaches we are born pure (fitrah)
If we follow Sharjah law we are rewarded in the after life

48
Q

What are Christian views on judgement heaven and hell?

A

Resurrection and eternal life,
Heaven is our true home and earth is a test, Jesus rose after the death and so will we

49
Q

What does St Paul mean when he talks about spiritual body?

A

He means something like angels, they are thought to be physical but are also spiritual and immortal, we will exist for eternity like angels

50
Q

What do Christians think of Heaven and hell?

A

You are in God’s presence in heaven in pure beauty and kindness, hell is constant torment.
Many Evangelical Christians refer to both as real places where we will spend eternity, liberal Christians say these ideas are symbolic and remind us there are consequences to our actions

51
Q

What are Muslims attitudes towards Judgement and life ?

A

Our human existence continues after death, believe in Day of Judgement, If you die before that day Azrail will come and take their souls to barzakh (waiting) until Israfil blows his trumpet
Dead will be raised from their graves on Day Of Judgement and everyone will stand before God, a book of everything they have done will be given to them in their right hand for heaven and left for hell

52
Q

Muslim views on the coming of the Mahdi?

A

Mahdi (the guided one) will come on day of judgement as the long-awaited saviour to rescue the world, he will appear in end times with Isa (Jesus). Shi’a also are waiting for the Mahdi but believe his identity will be revealed as the hidden imam

53
Q

Muslim views on Heaven and Hell?

A

Understand afterlife in a literal way
heaven (janna) and hell (jahannan) are very physical, heaven is a garden of contentment, flowers, fruit, fountains and hell is a state or terror and torment (‘ every soul will taste death’)

54
Q

What are Christian funeral rites?

A

They are prayers for forgiveness or sins, its catholic and can involve giving Holy communion., eases them into the afterlife.

55
Q

Name some Christian Funeral traditions?

A

(old) The bones of the dead must be intact for judgement day so they can reform, some believe only soul goes to heaven so its okay to cremate.
Light candles and read prayers- candels= jesus as the ‘light of the world’ guiding the path to heaven
May hold a mass/ communion showing we are not forgotten by God and he will comfort the mourning and accompany the dead

56
Q

What are Muslim funeral rites?

A

-repeat the final words of Prophet Muhammad
shahadah whispered in their ear (same as when born), returning to our creator
funeral take places within 24hrs of death, body washed (ghusl) and wrapped in white shroud in coffin, white= purity and equality
-Cant be cremated must be buried facing Makkah
- at grave 1st chapter of qur’an recited

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